固定化酶复台材料及其制备方法的研究

本文研究并提供了一种用于污染水源修复的固定化酶复合材料的配方及其制备方法,制备方法简单,造价低,效果好,该材料可广泛应用于污、废水的处理工程,是一种经济实用、发展前景广阔的新型环保材料,具有综合交叉学科集成创新的特点。     

以氨氮作为SBR处理对甲苯胺废水的控制参数

采用大孔树脂白球固定化微生物强化SBR处理含对甲苯胺废水,考察了降解过程中对甲苯胺与氨氮浓度变化的相关性.结果表明当反应器中氨氮浓度由上升转为下降的时候,对甲苯胺基本完全降解.在进水中蔗糖浓度为0～500mg/L,曝气量为0.6～1.2L/min,温度为10～25℃的实验条件下,氨氮与对甲苯胺浓度变化表现出良好的相关性.     

新型负载型光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

以硝酸钙和磷酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP);以HAP为载体,采用浸渍-提拉法制得负载型光催化剂TiO2／HAP,并用其对酸性媒介红B进行光催化氧化实验;探讨了HAP煅烧温度和TiO2负载量对TiO2／HAP光催化活性的影响,并利用XRD、FT—IR和TEM对载体及TiO2／HAP催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,煅烧温度、TiO2负载量对HAP吸附性能及催化活性有较大的影响;TiO2／HAP的催化活性明显优于TiO2／玻片的催化活性。     

固定化好氧菌和厌氧颗粒污泥在不同供氧条件下降解氯酚的研究

将厌氧颗粒污泥和4种氯酚的高效降解菌种固定化后,通过批处理实验较系统地研究了其在有限供氧、完全厌氧及好氧条件下在初始浓度为28和87μmol·L-1五氯苯酚(PCP)的降解过程.结果表明,完全厌氧过程尽管能有效降解低初始浓度PCP,但在高初始浓度下由于厌氧微生物本身缺乏吸收、同化其代谢产物单氯酚(MCP)和二氯酚(DCP)的能力,而导致了有毒代谢产物的积累,阻碍了其完全降解;在有限供氧条件下,通过厌氧颗粒中的厌氧菌群与好氧或兼性菌的协同作用,借助于好氧或兼性菌消除五氯苯酚厌氧过程中产生的抑制性的低氯酚等中间产物,从而使其较完全降解;与完全厌氧过程相比,混合固定化颗粒污泥在有限供氧系统具有较低的残留TOC值.厌氧好氧微生物菌群通过固定化在微环境中有效的结合在有限供氧条件下能完全彻底降解高氯代芳香化合物.     

白腐真菌培养条件对其分泌木质素降解酶的影响

应用摇瓶试验研究了不同白腐真菌培养条件对其产酶的影响.通过控制不同转速、投加载体等方式考察了白腐真菌的产酶情况.结果表明,在悬浮培养方式下,转速为160r/min时获得的锰过氧化物酶最高(481.6U/L),其酶活是静置、120r/min条件下培养的65倍和43倍;投加载体后,载体固定化培养获得的木质素过氧化物酶酶活是悬浮培养的71倍,载体投加量对其产酶影响很大,只有当载体处于非浸没状态时才有利于酶活产生,否则酶活极低.因此,选择载体固定化—非浸没—振荡培养方式培养白腐真菌可获得更高的产酶量和酶活.     

催化湿式氧化农药废水及催化剂的研究

通过浸渍法制备了4种氧化物为主活性组分的负载固定型催化剂,用于过氧化氢催化湿式氧化(CWHPO)处理有机农药废水。用实验确定了催化湿式氧化的条件,不同催化剂处理效果的比较表明,四元组合MnO2CuOCeO2CoO催化剂性能较好,当反应在常温常压下,维持pH=7～9,反应时间为40min时,COD的去除率大于80%,色度去除率大于90%。     

Uptake of Ni2+ and rhodamine B by nano-hydroxyapatite/alginate composite beads: batch and continuous-flow systems

Alginate encapsulated nano-hydroxyapatite beads were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Their adsorptive potential for Ni²⁺ and rhodamine B was explored in batch mode and by fixed-bed column passage. In the batch system, maximum uptake capacity for Ni²⁺ was 360 mg g^?1 and 480 mg g^?1 for rhodamine B. In the presence of humic acid, sorption was enhanced. For the continuous-flow system, adsorption was effective at low flow rate. For both pollutants, mass transport resistance increased during adsorption. The overall rates of rhodamine B and Ni²⁺ uptake were found to be controlled by external mass transfer.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的筛选鉴定及固定化研究

从污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选得到1株好氧反硝化细菌(YS),对其进行分子生物学鉴定和理化性能测试,并考察了该菌株固定化前后反硝化能力的变化.鉴定结果表明,菌株YS为反硝化产碱菌(Alcaligenes denitrificans).菌株经固定化后,其酶活力有所下降,但稳定性增强,在4 ℃下储存50 d后,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率仍可维持在80%以上,而游离态菌株仅为15%.在pH 7.0条件下,固定态菌株的反硝化率比游离态菌株低3%左右,但当pH降低至5.0时,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率为72.4%,比游离态菌株高2.6%,表明固定态菌株比游离态菌株更适应于弱酸的环境.在不同的工艺条件下,固定态菌株与游离态菌株反硝化能力的变化趋势相同.菌株YS的最适条件为:接种量1.5%左右,pH为6.0,C/N比为11,葡萄糖为碳源.     

海藻酸钠固定化污泥基生物质炭对铜的吸附性能研究

以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为原料制备生物质炭(SC),采用海藻酸钠加以固定使其成为污泥基生物质炭(SASC),通过正交试验确定SASC最佳制备工艺,考察吸附时间、铜离子的浓度、pH值、温度、转速、投加量对SASC吸附Cu~(2+)效果的影响。结果表明制备SASC的最佳条件是:海藻酸钠浓度为1.5%、包炭量为2%、CaCl_2浓度为1%、交联时间为0.5 h。在pH为5.0、温度为30℃、转速为150 r/min、投加量为0.24 g/mg、吸附时间为4 h的条件下Cu~(2+)去除率高达98.73%。SASC对Cu~(2+)的吸附机理服从准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线服从Freundlich方程,Cu~(2+)在SASC上的吸附为多层吸附。     

Immobilization of an enzyme from a Fusarium fungus WZ-I for chlorpyrifos degradation

The free enzyme extracted from WZ-I,which was identified as Fusarium LK.ex Fx,could effectively degrade chlorpyrifos,an organophosphate insecticide.The methods of immobilizing this free enzyme and determined its degradation-related characteristics were investigated.The properties of the immobilized enzyme were compared with those of the free enzyme.The optimal immobilization of the enzyme was achieved in a solution of 30 g/L sodium alginate at 4°C for 4-12 hr.The immobilized enzyme showed the maximal activity at pH 8.0,45°C.The maximum initial rate and the substrate concentration of the immobilized enzyme were less than that of the free enzyme.The immobilized enzyme,therefore,had a higher capacity to withstand a broader range of temperatures and pH conditions than the free enzyme.With varying pH and temperatures,the immobilized enzyme was more active than the free enzyme in the degradation reaction.In addition,the immobilized enzyme exhibited only a slight loss in its initial activity,even after three repeated uses.The results showed that the immobilized enzyme was more resistant to different environmental conditions,suggesting that it was viable for future practical use.