泡沫层生化反应降解表面活性剂

在含有表面活性剂的废水中进行微孔曝气,形成稳定的泡沫层,泡沫层与固定化微生物接触,使表面活性剂得到降解、研究结果表明泡沫层生化反应有助于优势微生物的富集,表面活性剂降解速度从21mg（L·h）提高到35mg（L·h）;表面活性剂的去除率从71％提高到95％,而且这种方法可以解决含表面活性剂废水处理过程中泡沫四处外溢的现象。     

海藻酸钠固定化包埋微生物处理有机微污染源水

以黄浦江水为处理源水 ,将筛选出的菌种用海藻酸钠为载体进行固定化包埋 ;对间歇式处理体系中菌体浓度 ,处理温度以及起始 TOC浓度对有机物降解效果的影响进行实验 .结果表明 ,菌体浓度为 1g/L～2g/L,处理温度为 20℃时 ,包埋颗粒性状保持较好 ,对源水中起始浓度在 10mg/L～15mg/L之间的 TOC具有20%～30%的降解率 ;温度升高 ,明显缩短颗粒使用寿命 ;而菌体浓度增加对处理效果没有增强作用 .另外 ,以菌 TD2和 TD4包埋颗粒为例 ,测试发现经 48h处理 ,其对源水中浓度为53.4μg/L酚具有 90%左右的降解率 .     

酶法合成生物柴油的研究进展

生物柴油是一种清洁可再生的生物能源,是石油燃料的理想替代物。酶法合成生物柴油具有提取简单、反应条件温和、醇用量小、甘油易回收和无废物产生等优点。综述了脂肪酶与固定化脂肪酶、全细胞生物催化剂在生物柴油生产中应用的新进展,并对我国生物柴油产业的发展提出了建议。     

基因工程菌强化芳香化合物的处理工艺

分别固定克隆有甲苯加双氧酶基因的工程菌和筛选出的野生菌株,串联两种固定化细胞反应器,研究以基因工程菌突破关键步骤的限制,筛选菌株辅助完成彻底降解芳香类污染物复合工艺可行性和强化效果.克隆有苯降解过程中的关键基因——甲苯加双氧酶的基因工程菌E. coli. JM109(pKST11)对苯具有较高的降解效率和降解速度,应用于固定化细胞反应器中效果突出.在较短的水力停留时间内,可以将1500mg/L苯降解70%,降解速度为1.11mg/(Ls),延长水力停留时间,可以使去除率达到95%以上.该反应器对高浓度的苯具有突出的处理效果.同时所得到的产物为环己二烯双醇,可以被野生非高效菌W3快速利用.     

曝气生物流化床(ABFB)处理煤气化废水的研究

介绍一种曝气生物流化床的基本原理及特点,制作了总有效容积为1.5m³的曝气生物流化床(ABFB)中试设备,流化介质为合成高分子多孔材料,其物理性能为:持水量25倍、比表面积≥200m²/g、含氮量6.72%,载体带有-NH₂、-COOH、-OH、环氧基等活性基团可与微生物结合而固定化微生物,载体中生物量平均为28g/L(H₂O),故具有很高的处理效率.对平均值为COD 3450mg/L、NH₄⁺-N 451mg/L、挥发酚为177 mg/L的煤气化废水,经过ABFB处理后,其处理水中COD 57.7mg/L、NH₄⁺-N 0.285mg/L、挥发酚0.434mg/L,其运行效果优于曝气生物滤池(BAF)、接触氧化、活性炭流化床.ABFB具有运行稳定、抗冲击负荷强的特点,是一种先进的水处理技术.     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS), were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes. Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads (exceeding 95%). The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

固定化酶制备方法研究进展

对固定化酶的主要制备方法进行了系统的阐述,根据作者本人的试验经验对目前应用的研究得较多的方法作了详细的说明,对所阐述的各种固定化酶的制备方法的优缺点进行了比较。     

固定化微生物对河水的脱氮效果研究

研究了不同方法制作的固定化微生物颗粒对于河水的脱氮效果,实验证明,采用聚乙烯醇-活性炭包埋法制作的固定化微生物颗粒(IMPⅠ)与聚乙烯醇-聚乙二醇包埋法制作的固定化微生物颗粒(IMPⅡ)的脱氮效果较好,但由于包埋材料在河水中的溶出造成COD急剧升高,会对河水造成二次污染.利用载体结合法制作的固定化微生物(IMPⅢ)进行5个周期的河水净化实验,结果发现,COD的去除率维持在75%～95%,氨氮的去除率为45%～95%,硝酸盐氮的去除率维持在95%～100%,亚硝酸盐氮的去除率为70%～99%,总氮的去除率保持在55%～80%.研究表明,载体结合法制作的固定化微生物颗粒稳定性好、强度高、微生物活性良好,颗粒可多次重复使用,在河水净化方面有良好的应用前景.     

洁净环境样本低浓度微生物高效富集检测及应用

为了研究对洁净环境样本的低浓度微生物监测方法,制备了低浓度的革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌各3种,使用修饰后的新型磁珠对模拟样本中的微生物进行富集评价实验.革兰氏染色和菌落计数结果表明,磁珠对3种革兰氏阳性菌和3种阴性菌均具有显著富集浓缩作用,与大肠杆菌相比,磁珠对金黄色葡萄菌的富集浓缩比更高.使用磁珠富集液对自来水、桶装水和瓶装矿泉水中的微生物进行非特异性吸附后,比较上清和磁珠-微生物复合物的细菌16S rDNA基因拷贝数和菌落总数指标,结果表明磁珠对自来水和桶装水中的微生物均具有显著的吸附效果（P<0.01,P<0.001）.通过比较,抽滤法和磁珠法对自来水中的微生物富集效果有差异（P=0.002）,2种方法对桶装水和矿泉水的富集效果无显著差异（P=0.362）.采集实际空气样本进行磁珠富集微生物的菌落计数及细菌16S rDNA基因拷贝数进行分析,磁珠-微生物复合物中的绝对基因拷贝数和菌落总数均显著高于磁分离后上清液中基因拷贝数和菌落计数（P=0.0001）.此方法对微生物具有一定的高效富集作用.