安全人机工效实验室规划研究

安全人机工效学是安全工程科学的重要组成部分,而安全人机工效实验是该学科研究的重要基础,安全人机工效实验围绕作业环境与作业活动模拟、作业人员心理、生理、劳动负荷等参数变化需要通过大量实验进行研究,因此有必要建立基础性、综合性、开放性与动态性相结合的人机工效实验室。通过国内外调研,根据初步规划研究建立基础测量、虚拟仿真与监测、心理与行为分析、综合评估等4个实验室,可初步形成安全人机工效实验研究平台,为进一步实现安全与健康并重安全工程研究提供良好的基础条件。     

A mathematical model to estimate errors associated with closed flux chambers

Errors associated with the closed flux chamber technique, used to measure surface emissions from landfills, were investigated by using a combination of numerical modeling and laboratory studies. A transient-state, advective–dispersive–reactive model was developed and used in conjunction with its steady-state version to quantify the errors associated with closed flux chambers. In developing the model, all four major gases, CH₄, O₂, CO₂, and N₂, and the oxidation of CH₄ to CO₂ were considered. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a monolayered as well as a two-layered landfill cover system to calibrate and verify the model. The model was used to develop a plot of the percentage errors associated with closed flux chambers of different dimensions and surface flux rates.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施GB/T15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

基于MATLAB分析的城市道路照明环境比

基于驾驶员在行驶过程中的注意力大部分集中在车辆的正前方,忽略了道路两侧的情况的视觉特性,更容易引发交通事故的问题。环境比为评价路边物体可视度的指标,为了保证评价的准确性,尤其是保障夜间行驶的良好视觉环境,可以根据路灯设置的基本原则及照明强度与可见度的关联特性,使用MATLAB(矩阵实验室)对环境比进行模拟分析,从理论的角度研究其相关的影响因素,提出了采取减小灯具倾斜角、缩短灯具悬臂悬挑长度以及增加路灯灯杆安装位置与路缘石的距离等措施可以提高道路照明环境比的观点,可以作为路灯改造工程、路灯灯具外形的设计以及夜间行驶事故分析的理论基础。     

微生物絮凝剂的制备及在实验室废水处理中的应用研究

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的富集培养、分离和筛选的方法及过程。并用试验所制备的微生物絮凝剂对啤酒工艺实训室废水进行了处理研究。研究发现,微生物絮凝剂对啤酒工艺实训室废水具有较好的去除效果。     

新时期高校实验室安全管理的分析与思考

高校实验室是进行实验教学和开展科学研究的重要基地,是理论联系实际,人才培养和科技创新的必备场所。实验室的安全对高校乃至全社会的安全和稳定都至关重要。笔者分析了新时期高校实验室安全管理的现状、特点以及存在的问题;对高校实验室的安全、环保管理发表了自己的见解,提出了“以人为本”、“安全第一,预防为主”,“依法整治”的观点,它是建设和管理高校实验室的基本思路,也是实现高校实验室安全的基本原则;同时调强了保护教师和学生的实验室安全与健康,不仅仅是实验室的安全问题,也是校园安全管理工作的重要组成部分。     

探讨甲醛便携式分析仪与实验室分析的可比性

便携式分析仪在环境突发性事件能进行快速现场分析,为应急处理及时提供了依据,但在定量上存在一定误差。本文探讨了4160-2型便携式甲醛现场分析仪的监测结果与传统实验室分析结果的可比性,从而保证为应急处理中能准确引用该仪器的监测数据。     

环境监测站化验室废水的处理

应关注环境监测站化验室废水的二次污染，进一步加强化验室废水的处理，并同时采取集中和分散处理，保证化验室废水安全排放。     

FIELD-LABORATORY DETERMINED AVOIDANCES OF THE SPOTFIN SHINER AND THE BLUNTNOSE MINNOW TO CHLORINATED DISCHARGES1

ABSTRACT: The responses of the spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterus) and bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) to intermittent chlorine discharges from a fossil fuel power plant in the New River were investigated by seine collections in the chlorinated discharge channel, and chlorine avoidances were obtained in a field laboratory at the power plant in Glen Lyn, Virginia. No fish were captured by seine during chlorination periods when the total chlorine (TCR) and free chlorine (FCR) residuals were, respectively, 0.46 and 0.27 mg/1 or higher at river water temperatures of 12 C or less. For collections made between eight-hour chlorination periods, the number of fish was reduced by approximately 50% at 0.20 and 0.06 mg/1 TCR and FCR, respectively. Significant (0.05 level) laboratory avoidances occurred at 0.10 to 0.20 mg/1 TCR (0.03 to 0.14 mg/1 FCR) for both species when exposed to increasing TCR concentrations of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 mg/1. Responses varied with acclimation temperature (6, 12, 18 and 24 C) with no consisteent trends between species. When exposed to a constant TCR concentration during any one test (0.14, 0.18 and 0.26 mg/1 for the spotfin shiner, and 0.11 and 0.17 mg/1 for the bluntnose minnow), significant avoidances were observed at 0.26 and 0.17 mg/1 for each species, respectively. In all laboratory trials, occurrence or residence times decreased with increasing chlorine concentration, with residence times as high as 64.7% at 0.10 mg/1 TCR and as low as 8.3% at 0.40 mg/1 being observed.