地震灾后重建规划环境影响评价特点和实施框架初探

5．12汶川特大地震灾害引起了社会和学术界对地震灾后重建规划广泛的关注。地震灾后重建规划几乎包含了当前规划领域中的所有挑战,是速度和质量兼顾、人性与理性权衡、社会经济与环境效益统一、多方博弈的过程,对灾后重建规划环评也从理论到实践层面提出了新的挑战。本文在对灾后重建规划特点进行归纳的基础上提出灾后重建规划环评相应具备的特点,即早期介入、与规划过程融合、增加灾害情景、突出规划协调性分析和应用反规划思路等特点,并进一步以《国家汶川地震灾后重建总体规划》为例说明了与灾后规划融合的环评流程、灾后规划环评的关键内容和评价思路。在对常用规划环评方法从信息成本、工作成本、客观和量化程度等原则进行评价后认为灾后重建规划环境评价中应有效利用比较评价法、GIS叠图法、生态承载力评价法等相对快捷、成熟或客观的方法。     

大规模突发事件应急物资调度的过程模型

指出现有关于应急物资调度文献的不足,给出大规模突发事件的定义;结合我国近年来几起大规模突发事件总结出该事件的特征;分析大规模突发事件应急物资调度的特征,从应急物资的调度准备、调度实施、调度评估3个阶段进行设计并解释了大规模突发事件应急物资调度的全过程模型。该模型为大规模突发事件应急物资调度决策提供理论依据和方法指导,对当今的公共安全和社会稳定具有重要价值和现实意义。     

Following Old Paths or Shaping New Ones in Natura 2000 Implementation? Mapping Path Dependency in Instrument Choice

This article reviews the influence of two specific European Union (EU) laws, the Birds and Habitats Directives, on the choice of national policy instruments by Member States. Both Directives leave the choice for policy instruments to manage the sites designated under the Directives to the Member States. Using path dependency as a leading concept, this article analyses the continuity or changes in policy instruments due to the implementation of the Directives in 15 countries. This article shows that the tendency to use existing instruments to implement EU policy is limited, as in almost all countries new instruments were developed. Yet, states do tend to choose instruments from their predominant policy instrument mix and preferred implementation style to address the management requirements of the Directives. Additionally, in Central and Eastern European countries where the implementation of EU policy coincided with a process of transition to a market economy, new instruments were introduced outside the existing implementation style. The introduction of new policy instruments is the result of historical turns, domestic pressure and a shift to new modes of governance. National case studies are needed to shed more light on the interaction between EU policy and domestic factors during the process of instrument choice.     

凌海市土地资源保护规划研究

在收集和调查凌海市土地利用现状的基础上,分析土地退化的原因,提出凌海市土地资源保护规划的总体目标、主要任务及保护措施等,以期为凌海生态市建设创造有利条件。     

输煤控制系统自动配煤分析

分析了燃煤电厂自动配煤功能难以实现的原因,介绍了手动配煤过程出现的诸多问题。结合秦皇岛电厂输煤程控系统的特点,对自动配煤系统的控制原则、参数设定以及操作实现进行了全方位的研究分析。     

A Quantitative Review of Urban Ecosystem Service Assessments: Concepts,Models, and Implementation

Although a number of comprehensive reviews have examined global ecosystem services (ES), few have focused on studies that assess urban ecosystem services (UES). Given that more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, understanding the dualism of the provision of and need for UES is of critical importance. Which UES are the focus of research, and what types of urban land use are examined? Are models or decision support systems used to assess the provision of UES? Are trade-offs considered? Do studies of UES engage stakeholders? To address these questions, we analyzed 217 papers derived from an ISI Web of Knowledge search using a set of standardized criteria. The results indicate that most UES studies have been undertaken in Europe, North America, and China, at city scale. Assessment methods involve bio-physical models, Geographical Information Systems, and valuation, but few study findings have been implemented as land use policy.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0504-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于WebGIS的作物病虫害监测预报系统构建

基于WebGIS的主要农作物病虫害预测预报系统,是综合遥感、气象与病虫害模型知识,集成WEBGIS、数据库、ASP.NET等技术建立的全国县级尺度的主要作物病虫害预测预报系统。系统采用B/S(浏览器/服务器)体系结构,达到了在网络平台对空间数据的发布与共享,实现了病虫害预报模型网络化运行和大面积实时的遥感病虫害专题图发布,提高了用户对作物病虫害信息化预测与管理水平,以期达到高效、大面积防治病虫害的目的。     

Designing new institutions for implementing integrated disaster risk management: key elements and future directions

The goal of integrated disaster risk management is to promote an overall improvement in the quality of safety and security in a region, city or community at disaster risk. This paper presents the case for a thorough overhaul of the institutional component of integrated disaster risk management. A review of disaster management institutions in the United States indicates significant weaknesses in their ability to contribute effectively to the implementation of integrated disaster risk management. Our analysis and findings identify eight key elements for the design of dynamic new disaster management institutions. Six specific approaches are suggested for incorporating the identified key elements in building new institutions that would have significant potential for enhancing the effective implementation of integrated disaster risk management. We have developed a possible blueprint for effective design and construction of efficient, sustainable and functional disaster management institutions.     

清洁生产方案实施成效分析

清洁生产方案的质量及可实施性直接关系到企业清洁生产审核的成效。汇总江苏油田推行清洁生产审核单位实施的清洁生产方案380项,从方案的组成、分类、投资、经济效益等方面进行统计分析,阐明了多种无、低费方案,不仅资金投入的回报率高,而且投资风险少,有明显的效益。通过"节能、降耗、减污、增效"这一主导思想产生的各类清洁生产方案的实施,达到了较可观的经济、环境和社会效益。     

An Integrated Framework for Multipollutant Air Quality Management and Its Application in Georgia

Air protection agencies in the United States increasingly confront non-attainment of air quality standards for multiple pollutants sharing interrelated emission origins. Traditional approaches to attainment planning face important limitations that are magnified in the multipollutant context. Recognizing those limitations, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division has adopted an integrated framework to address ozone, fine particulate matter, and regional haze in the state. Rather than applying atmospheric modeling merely as a final check of an overall strategy, photochemical sensitivity analysis is conducted upfront to compare the effectiveness of controlling various precursor emission species and source regions. Emerging software enables the modeling of health benefits and associated economic valuations resulting from air pollution control. Photochemical sensitivity and health benefits analyses, applied together with traditional cost and feasibility assessments, provide a more comprehensive characterization of the implications of various control options. The fuller characterization both informs the selection of control options and facilitates the communication of impacts to affected stakeholders and the public. Although the integrated framework represents a clear improvement over previous attainment-planning efforts, key remaining shortcomings are also discussed.