网格化环境管理特征分析及实施建议

本文对网格化环境管理这一创新的环境管理模式在兰州、河北、河南等地的探索进行了总结,分析了网格化环境管理的特征及对当前环境管理的启示,提出了为切实落实国务院文件要求,在全国全面实施网格化环境管理的构想。     

基于Android平台的室内环境检测系统的设计研究

在Android平台上设计并实现了室内Wifi环境检测系统.文中首先介绍了信号传播模型,探讨了关于室内位置匹配的算法,主要包括算法的基础思想,关于位置匹配算法的介绍,在位置匹配算法介绍中,主要介绍了四种方法,他们是采样的方法、测试的方法、环境检测的方法和修正的方法.最后给出了室内环境检测系统设计,主要包括三条,室内环境检测系统总体设计、室内环境客户端设计和室内环境服务器端设计,最后给出了室内环境的实验结果,得到满意的成果.     

Institutional challenges to climate change adaptation: A case study on policy action gaps in Uganda

Despite the considerable progress made in the last decade towards building governance systems for climate change adaptation in Africa, implementation still limits positive responses. This study applies an iterative process of field assessments and literature reviews across multiple governance levels and spatial scales to identify constraints to effective formulation and implementation of climate change related policies and strategies in Uganda. Data was collected through sex-segregated participatory vulnerability assessments with farming communities in Rakai district, policy document reviews, and interviews with policy actors at national and district levels. Findings reveal that the key challenges to effective policy implementation are diverse and cut across the policy development and implementation cycle. Policies are mainly developed by central government agencies; other actors are insufficiently involved while local communities are excluded. There is also a communication disconnect between national, district, and community levels. Coupled with limited technical capacity and finances, political interference, and absence of functional implementation structures across these levels, climate change adaptation becomes constrained. We propose strategies that enhance linkages between levels and actors, which will improve policy formulation, implementation and ultimately adaptation by smallholders.     

《循环经济促进法》施行效果评估分析

《循环经济促进法》正式施行以来,循环经济法规制度体系逐渐完善,循环经济发展模式日趋成熟,循环经济试点工作进展显著,催生了一批符合循环经济要求的新技术和工艺。但是也存在着循环经济发展地区间尚不平衡,配套法规规章和规范性文件尚不健全,支撑体系尚较薄弱,激励措施和相关政策有待完善等问题。为此,要抓紧制定完善配套法规、规章和标准,进一步理顺体制机制,加快出台循环经济发展规划和经济激励政策,强化关键技术研发,全面推广循环经济发展典型模式,积极培育循环经济服务产业,加快相关支撑体系建设。     

An Integrated Framework for Multipollutant Air Quality Management and Its Application in Georgia

Air protection agencies in the United States increasingly confront non-attainment of air quality standards for multiple pollutants sharing interrelated emission origins. Traditional approaches to attainment planning face important limitations that are magnified in the multipollutant context. Recognizing those limitations, the Georgia Environmental Protection Division has adopted an integrated framework to address ozone, fine particulate matter, and regional haze in the state. Rather than applying atmospheric modeling merely as a final check of an overall strategy, photochemical sensitivity analysis is conducted upfront to compare the effectiveness of controlling various precursor emission species and source regions. Emerging software enables the modeling of health benefits and associated economic valuations resulting from air pollution control. Photochemical sensitivity and health benefits analyses, applied together with traditional cost and feasibility assessments, provide a more comprehensive characterization of the implications of various control options. The fuller characterization both informs the selection of control options and facilitates the communication of impacts to affected stakeholders and the public. Although the integrated framework represents a clear improvement over previous attainment-planning efforts, key remaining shortcomings are also discussed.     

既有建筑节能改造市场动力机制研究概况

从系统整体出发,基于既有建筑节能改造市场发展研究全面规划视角,架构了总括、ESCO驱动力作用机理、政府作用力实施机理、总结四大模块、两大篇共10章的层次体系。结果发现:ESCO驱动力以作用效益为导向,以运行实践与行为规律、作用影响机理、ESCO驱动策略、效益评价与优化策略为核心要素,是内在动力;政府作用力以有效性为基准,以运行特征与政府行为、影响机理与博弈策略、实施影响机理与有效性评价、实施策略为核心要素,是外在动力。在揭示既有建筑节能改造市场动力机制的基础上,提出未来研究发展趋势。     

清洁生产方案实施状况分析

清洁生产审核的目的是找出企业不符合清洁生产之处,进而提出方案并解决问题。目前在石油行业清洁生产方案难以实施的原因是:对其认识不足,组织管理和实施政策不到位,审核人员业务素质不高。解决该问题的措施是:加强培训,提高审核人员素质,调整并制定有关政策。我国必须加大力度开展清洁生产审核,以推动企业的清洁生产工作。     

Diversifying forest expertise: forest journals narrating policy change

ABSTRACT

During policy change, the role of the actors communicating the change to different audiences is accentuated. The media plays an increasing role, either as an actor or by providing a stage for other actors. In particular, specialised journals represent an influential, albeit understudied, sphere of policy studies. We use the narrative policy framework complemented with frame analysis to trace how specialised media can affect policy implementation through implicit suggestions for action. Using this combined approach, we analyse how specialised forest journals, which are the most important forest information source for Finnish forest owners, have conveyed the renewal of forest legislation in Finland. The core message of the journals is that forest owners should, despite their new freedom granted by the reform, rely on experts rather than experimenting when managing their forests. This suggests that the media contributes to a path-dependent continuation of a forest policy that is based on a rationalistic exploitation ethos. The innovative potential, which the policy change aimed at encouraging, is thereby partially undermined. However, the analysis of the narratives also reveals that forest expertise and professionalism are diversifying. This notion is important as diversity can eventually lead to narratives supporting more fundamental change in forests management.     

NEW REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCAL UNITS OF GOVERNMENT IN WATER RESOURCES PLANNING: INSIGHTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION FROM RECENT WATER RESOURCES PLANNING RESEARCH1

ABSTRACT: Recent Federal and some State legislation has enlarged the scope of permitted or required actions of local units of government in water resources management and protection. Much of the legislation encourages local units of government to introduce water resources planning measures which will be preventive instead of corrective. Extensive public works measures, environmental destruction and the threat to human life can thus be eliminated or reduced. Research has developed and tested a method for identifying the elements of a water resources protection program for small urbanizing watersheds which was technically adequate and socially acceptable to the communities implementing such programs. Research results suggest that deliberate efforts will be necessary to inform and educate local units of government as to the usefulness of the legislation; and that the program must reflect local natural resource conditions and local preferences for the method of accomplishing the protection. Successful implementation could be restrained by inertia of local units of government, a lack of tradition in such programs, and hostile existing agencies.     

Voluntary instruments for ambitious objectives? The experience of the EU Covenant of Mayors

ABSTRACT

Over the last decade, innovative governance architectures have been progressively promoted across European Union (EU) environmental and climate policies with the purpose of improving the effectiveness of intervention through better cross-sectoral policy integration and increased involvement of sub-state and non-governmental actors in the policy process. By combining the theoretical insights of polycentric governance and the concept of usage, the case of the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) is analysed to uncover the extent to which this voluntary programme has empowered local authorities within the EU strategy for sustainable energy by encouraging coordination and learning. This illustrates how a range of policy variables determined the dynamics of the programme’s implementation in Italy and the United Kingdom.