UASB反应器降解活性染料废水的特性

中温（35±1）℃条件下,采用上流式厌氧污泥床（upflowanaerobicsludgebed,简称UASB）反应器处理了含蒽醌类-活性艳蓝（c．I．ReactiveBlue5,简称K—GR）或偶氮类-活性艳红（C．I．ReactiveRed20,简称KD-8B;C．I．ReactiveRed2,简称X-3B）模拟染料废水,重点研究了回流比对染料脱色率和COD去除率的影响,在最佳回流比的条件下,探讨HRT（hydraulicretentiontime）对脱色的影响和不同结构染料的脱色效果,并初步分析了脱色机理。结果表明,适宜的回流比有利于提高系统的脱色率;控制回流比和HRT分别为2和24h,当模拟废水中染料的浓度为100mg／L时,COD去除率和脱色率分别为90％～96％和85％～92％;蒽醌和偶氮类染料的脱色是通过偶氮键和葸醌共轭结构的断裂来实现的。     

城市污水条件下ASBR厌氧氨氧化的启动与脱氮性能

采用ASBR在城市污水条件下进行厌氧氨氧化的启动与脱氮性能研究。实验接种好氧硝化污泥,在温度为(35±1)℃、HRT为24 h、pH为7.3～8.5的条件下经过130 d的培养,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应。实验结果表明,厌氧氨氧化反应稳定运行时,TN容积负荷平均为0.179 kg/(m3.d),NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN去除率分别达到了95.30%、91.30%和76.28%。启动期和稳定运行期NH4+-N、NO2--N去除量和NO3--N生成量的比值分别达到1∶1.54∶0.25和1∶1.27∶0.27;稳定运行期进出水pH差值由启动时的0.85下降到0.24。启动期反硝化和厌氧氨氧化反应同时存在而在稳定运行期厌氧氨氧化发展成为主导反应。MLSS和MLVSS/MLSS先减少后增加,反映了启动过程中硝化细菌、反硝化细菌的衰亡和厌氧氨氧化菌逐渐富集的过程,这与反应器的宏观运行效果相一致。     

A full-scale sequencing batch reactor system for swine wastewater treatment

A full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system was evaluated for its ability to remove carbon and nitrogen from swine wastewater. The SBR was operated on four, six-hour cycles each day, with each cycle consisting of 4.5 hours of “React,” 0.75 hours of “Settling”, 0.75 hours for “Draw” and “Fill.” Within each cycle, an amount of wastewater equivalent to about 5% of the reactor volume (5,500 litres) was removed and added. The SBR system was able to remove 82% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and more than 75% of nitrogen. Even though the SBR effluent, with an average effluent BOD₅ of about 588 mg L^{? 1}, did not meet the discharge criteria, it enabled a reduction of the land base required for land application of swine wastewater by about 75%. Results indicated that the SBR system was a viable method for the treatment of swine wastewater.     

碘量法测定水中溶解氧有关问题的探讨及改进

碘量法测定溶解氧时,采用NH3·H2O—KI代替NaOH(KOH)—KI固定溶解氧,用H2SO4—H3PO(41+1)混合酸代替H2SO4溶解沉淀,使沉淀沉降速度加快,分界线明显,沉淀溶解也更完全。同时做样品空白实验,校正了氧化还原性物质产生的干扰,对废水有明显的抗干扰能力。通过对蒸馏水、自来水、池塘水、废水进行溶解氧测定,结果均非常满意。     

An Analogy on Assessment of Urban Air Pollution in Turkey Over the Turn of the Millennium (1992–2001)

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in Turkey, especially over the last twenty five years, has provided better living standards to its residents, but it also caused a decrease in environmental quality. In late 1970's, air quality monitoring activities were started in some major cities by individual researchers in Turkey. It was just around the 1990's that a countrywide program on continuous air pollution monitoring in major province centers and selected large towns was launched. The impact of air pollution on people depend on various factors, such as existence and magnitude of coal powered energy generation plants, type of urban heating and their efficiency, and the numbers and specifications of vehicles. In this study, current Turkish urban air quality over the turn of the Millennium (1992–2001) is studied in the light of the country's worst cities in terms of outdoor air quality, the number of upper respiratory diseases, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia cases in these provinces reported by the state medical treatment facilities in 2001. The population that is under outdoor urban air pollution hazard was computed. A comparative analysis between the provinces that use natural gas and others that use fossil fuels was also completed in order to project monetary gains if the studied provinces will transform their indoor heating and industrial operations to be run by natural gas or other cleaner energy sources. If natural gas use in air polluted urban centers could be realized in the near future, approximately 212 to 350 million US dollars per annum could to be saved just by reducing health related problems caused by outdoor air pollution.     

Sustainable options of post treatment of UASB effluent treating sewage: A review

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process is reported to be a sustainable technology for domestic wastewaters treatment in developing countries and for small communities. However, the inability of UASB process to meet the desired disposal standards has given enough impetus for subsequent post treatment. In order to upgrade the UASB based sewage treatment plants (STPs) to achieve desired effluent quality for disposal or for reuse, various technological options are available and broadly differentiated as primary post-treatment for the removal of organic and inorganic compounds and suspended matter; secondary post-treatment for the removal of hardly degradable soluble matter, colloidal and nutrients; and polishing systems for removals of pathogens. Hence, this paper discusses the different systems for the treatment of UASB reactor effluent treating sewage. Additionally, a comparative review, an economic evaluation of some of the emerging options was conducted and based on the extensive review of different integrated combination, i.e. UASB-different aerobic systems, a treatment concept based on natural biological mineralization route recognized as an advanced technology to meet all practical aspects to make it a sustainable for environmental protection, resource preservation and recovering maximum resources.     

计算流体动力学在模拟气升式环流反应器中的研究进展

计算流体动力学(CFD)是对气升式环流反应器进行数值模拟的重要手段.为此,本文综述了CFD模拟概况及气升环流反应器中流体数值模拟研究进展,总结了目前CFD模拟气升环流反应器存在的问题,并提出了进一步的研究方向.     

基于博弈分析的旅游购物市场转型升级研究

针对目前旅游购物市场存在的诸多问题,学者们提出了很多的措施,但对哪一种措施更有效却缺乏研究.以博弈论作为研究工具,通过在信息不完全状况下对旅游购物市场进行博弈分析,找出了其均衡解,得出了在信息不完全的状况下,旅游购物市场上必然会充斥大量劣质品的结论.再运用博弈论方法对旅游购物市场的两种转型升级策略进行了分析,探讨了在这两种转型升级策略下,旅游购物市场条件得到不同的改善.建议加强市场监督措施,使其更易于实施,效率更高;建立广泛的多部门综合执法的网络;鼓励大众监督.     

RBI技术在我国企业的应用研究与改进思考

基于风险的检测技术(RBI)是目前化工行业逐渐采用并得到认可的一种新的设备检测技术。在对RBI体系研究的基础上,阐述了RBI的系统思想、实施步骤与应用价值;在工艺危害性分析的基础上,采用挪威船级社的ORBIT Onshore软件对常减压装置进行了定量RBI分析,识别出装置设备和管道的主要腐蚀损伤模式,确定设备和管道的风险大小分布以及风险检测策略;并根据RBI在化工等行业企业的应用实践对RBI技术在我国应用过程中存在的不足提出了相关改进建议。     

尿素合成塔内衬腐蚀规律研究

本文归纳总结了水溶液全循环工艺尿素合成塔内衬腐蚀规律。研究表明使用超过13年的尿素合成塔内衬均匀腐蚀规律开始分化,个别塔内衬腐蚀加剧明显;而且尿素合成塔中偏上部筒节一般为剩余壁厚最薄的筒节,可通过适当调节该筒节塔盘间距或塔板筛孔数,减少该处局部反应时间,改善温度分布,延长整塔使用寿命。另外,多塔并联使用时,应注意管道分压导致各塔氧含量不均引发的不均匀腐蚀。