Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

An-RBC reactor is highly suited to treat metallic wastewater. Metal removal is due to sulfide precipitation via sulfate reduction by SRB. Cu(II) removal was the best among the different heavy metals. Maximum metal removal is achieved at low metal loading condition. Metal removal matched well with the solubility product values of respective metal sulfide salts. This study was aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of heavy metals under sulfate reducing condition. Statistically valid factorial design of experiments was carried out to understand the dynamics of metal removal using this bioreactor system. Copper removal was maximum (>98%), followed by other heavy metals at their respective low inlet concentrations. Metal loading rates less than 3.7 mg/L?h in case of Cu(II); less than 1.69 mg/L?h for Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(III) and Cd(II) are favorable to the performance of the An-RBC reactor. Removal efficiency of the heavy metals from mixture depended on the metal species and their inlet loading concentrations. Analysis of metal precipitates formed in the sulfidogenic bioreactor by field emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) confirmed metal sulfide precipitation by SRB. All these results clearly revealed that the attached growth biofilm bioreactor is well suited for heavy metal removal from complex mixture.     

不同基质条件下厌氧氨氧化SMBBR启动特性研究

通过接种某城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜,采用NH₄⁺-N+NO₂^--N （SMBBR-1）和NH₄⁺-N+NO₃^--N+HAc （SMBBR-2）两种进水基质启动厌氧氨氧化序批式移动床生物膜反应器（Sequencing Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,SMBBR）,研究不同基质条件下反应器的启动特性.结果表明,两反应器在运行100 d后均成功启动并稳定运行,在进水负荷分别为0.83和0.32 kg·m^-3·d^-1（以N计）的条件下,氮去除率分别达到81.82%±1.20%和66.35%±4.79%.活性测定结果显示,SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中Anammox活性分别达到6448.32和1980.32 mg·m^-2·d^-1,表明Anammox菌被成功富集.高通量结果显示,SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中启动成功后的Anammox菌由Ca.Brocadia和Ca.Jettenia组成,其中,Ca.Brocadia占比分别为11.02%和7.57%,Ca.Jettenia占比分别为2.07%和0.56%.除Anammox菌外,SMBBR-2中还包括Thauera（2.84%）和Flavobacterium菌（0.66%）,其为部分反硝化菌的主导菌属.本研究表明,虽然两种不同基质的启动办法各有利弊,但其均能实现厌氧氨氧化SMBBR的启动,可为主流系统内的Anammox菌快速富集培养提供技术支撑.     

完善排污许可制度体系,全面服务生态环境质量改善

《排污许可管理条例》的颁布,标志着以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度体系建设进入法治化发展的新阶段。当前应以《排污许可管理条例》的实施为契机,在抓好排污许可证数量的基础上狠抓质量提高,坚持走好精细化、科学化和信息化发展道路;在建立基本制度的基础上建成核心制度,推动排污许可制与环评、总量控制、生态环境统计、监督执法等相关生态环境监管制度的系统联动,扩大排污单位、环境要素覆盖面,强化固定污染源"一证式"执法监管和贯穿全周期监管,全面服务生态环境质量改善。     

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)^-1. Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.     

空气污染指数改进方案公众参与调查

为进一步改进API(空气污染指数),提出了5个改进方案,并针对方案中的重点问题进行公众参与调查. 调查问题包括现行API能否反映空气污染状况以及灰霾状况;是否同意加入CO,O₃和PM_2.5指标;是否同意将API的计算时间调整为00:00─23:00;ρ(PM_2.5)限值如何设定. 结果表明:公众对API改进方案总体上持肯定意见;超过70%的人同意在API中加入CO,O₃和PM_2.5指标,并有50%以上的人同意根据我国实际情况制订ρ(PM_2.5)限值. 由于改进方案4中增加了CO,O₃和PM_2.5指标,且将API计算周期调整为00:00─23:00,并按照我国的研究成果提出了ρ(PM_2.5)限值,因此,方案4更贴近公众的意见.      

ABR耦合间歇曝气MBR工艺处理生活污水研究

为降低膜生物反应器(MBR)运行能耗和延缓膜污染,以厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-MBR工艺处理生活污水为例,采用间歇曝气和添加颗粒填料两种方式对工艺脱氮除磷运行条件和膜污染问题进行研究.结果表明,增大间歇曝气时间有利于提高氮磷的去除效果,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为91%、95%、84%和92%(工况4),而添加颗粒填料对氮磷的去除没有显著影响.双重好氧-缺氧交替环境强化了工艺对磷的去除.添加颗粒填料比间歇曝气更能有效延缓膜污染,同时改变了膜污染的形成过程,膜内部污染物含量显著增多,与泥饼层相比,多糖成为了膜污染的主要因素,不会对膜组件本身构成危害,增强了MBR反应器的实际应用性能.     

电辅助对厌氧折流板反应器处理高浓度有机废水的影响

为探究电辅助对ABR(厌氧折流板反应器)处理高浓度有机废水效能的影响,在温度为(35±1)℃、HRT(水力停留时间)为24 h、进水ρ(COD_Cr)维持在5 000 mg/L的情况下,研究电辅助位置对COD_Cr去除率、各格室VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)质量浓度和组成以及微生物群落的影响. 结果表明:①电辅助作用于反应器第1格室时,COD_Cr去除率达最大值(83.19%),较对照组提高约15.23%;1#-1格室ρ(乙酸)提高约23.26%,而ρ(丙酸)下降78.09%,说明电辅助能有效提高产氢产乙酸菌丙酸转化乙酸能力,有利于反应器性能提高. ②当电辅助添加在第2格室时,2#-2格室ρ(乙酸)略有下降,而ρ(丙酸)提高近4.2倍,电辅助对水解发酵菌促进效果明显,作用格室表现为乙酸-丙酸发酵类型. ③电辅助ABR各格室微生物群落结构的相似度均在70.0%以下,表明电辅助在强化不同优势菌群的同时改变了微生物种群结构.      

超临界水氧化反应器的研究进展

超临界水氧化以其特有的优点受到人们的广泛关注,但该技术所存在的设备腐蚀以及因盐沉积而堵塞的问题制约了该技术的推广应用。针对超临界水氧化过程中存在的盐析与腐蚀问题,提出了可行的解决途径,开发出一种新型鼓泡塔床反应器。     

ABR+复合好氧反应器+BAF处理中药废水

中药制药废水成分复杂,水质变化大,可生化性较好。采用ABR+复合好氧反应器+BAF工艺处理中药废水,运行结果表明:COD、BOD5、NH3-N、及SS平均去除率分别达95%、98.7%、73.3%和93.5%,出水水质达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

发制品废水处理工程设计及运行

采用气浮+接触氧化池工艺处理某发制品废水,介绍了各处理构筑物、运行参数及经济技术指标。运行结果表明:该工艺处理发制品废水,最终出水指标为:ρ(COD)=90 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)=25 mg/L、ρ(SS)=75 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=20 mg/L、色度=69倍,其出水水质达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。