取消旁路烟道的烟气脱硫方案技术经济比较

以岳阳电厂三期工程为例,介绍了石灰石―石膏湿法脱硫系统取消旁路烟道后,为解决锅炉启停时的烟气排放,提出了电除尘器并联40%锅炉负荷烟气量的水膜除尘器、一炉二塔和增加40%锅炉负荷烟气量的吸收塔等三种方案。比较结果表明,方案一可靠性差、投资最高,方案二可靠性较高、投资最低,方案三可靠性最高、投资适中,且对燃煤硫分变化的适当性最强。     

湿法烟气脱硫pH值闭环控制系统优化

分析了控制pH值在湿法脱硫系统运行过程中的重要性,针对部分电厂存在pH值测量误差大的问题,在研究比较各种测量方式优缺点的基础上,提出了一种改进的pH测量方式。实际应用结果表明,测量方式的改进对于优化pH值闭环控制具有重要的意义。     

湿法脱硫多因素引起的浆液恶化原因分析及处理措施

在石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中,吸收塔浆液恶化是系统运行经常出现的问题,浆液恶化不仅易影响浆液pH值,降低系统的脱硫效率,还会造成脱硫副产物石膏脱水困难。为此,结合2×600 MW机组湿法脱硫系统浆液恶化问题,通过检测与分析探讨了引起浆液品质变差的原因,并提出了解决措施。     

利用垃圾焚烧发电技术与环境污染防控措施

大连利用生活垃圾焚烧发电,在消除污染的同时发展新能源,促进循环经济发展,具有较好的社会、环境和经济效益。简要介绍垃圾焚烧原理、工艺流程和技术特点,二恶英类污染物预防控制措施,以及焚烧灰渣无害化处理处置措施等,与国内同行交流、借鉴。     

Simultaneous sampling of PCDD/PCDF inside the combustion chamber and on four boiler levels of a waste incineration plant

At a MSWI (municipal solid waste incinerator) plant PCDD/PCDF samples (gasphase and particulates) were taken simultaneously be a shock-freezing method in the incinerator combustion chamber at approx. 800°C and in four sampling sections in the boiler at about 490°C, 370°C, 330°C and 270°C. In this way PCDD/PCDF-formation in the flow through the boiler was determined. Two data sets were evaluated. A considerable PCDD/PCDF-formation had occurred already at boiler temperatures of about 490°C; the highest concentration, however, was found at the end of the boiler at about 300°C. The accompanying measuring program of plant parameters made the calculation of the PCDD/PCDF mass flows possible, which allowed the inclusion of the PCDD/PCDF-content in the ESP dust in the mass flow calculations.     

Solid Waste Treatment as a High-Priority and Low- Cost Alternative for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

The increased concern about environmental problems caused by inadequate waste management, as well as the concern about global warming, promotes actions toward a sustainable management of the organic fraction of the waste. Landfills, the most common means to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW), lead to the conversion of the organic waste to biogas, containing about 50% methane, a very active greenhouse gas (GHG). One unit of methane has a global warming potential of 21 computed for a 100-year horizon or 56 computed for 20 years. The waste sector in Israel contributes 13% of total greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions for a time horizon of 100 years (for a time horizon of 20 years, the waste sector contribution equals to more than 25% of total GHG emissions). The ultimate goal is to minimize the amount of methane (CH₄) by converting it to CO₂. This can be achieved by physicochemical means (e.g., landfill gas flare, incineration) or by biological processes (e.g., composting, anaerobic digestion). Since the waste in Israel has a high organic material content, it was found that the most cost-effective means to treat the degradable organic components is by aerobic composting (investment of less than US$ 10 to reduce emission of one ton CO₂ equivalent per year). Another benefit of this technology is the ability to implement it within a short period. The suggested approach, which should be implemented especially in developing countries, could reduce a significant amount of GHG at relatively low cost and short time. The development of a national policy for proper waste treatment can be a significant means to abate GHG emissions in the short term, enabling a gain in time to develop other means for the long run. In addition, the use of CO₂ quotas will credit the waste sector and will promote profitable proper waste management.     

钡渣用于三相流化床烟气脱硫

提出了在三相流化床内用钡渣进行烟气脱硫的方法。分析了钡渣湿法脱硫原理，并进行了工艺改进实验，对两种不同溶渣方式工艺进行了静态和动态模拟实验，考察了两种方式的离子浓度和吸收容量等因素。实验表明，将渣先和水混合再用脱硫废水调整水质、脱硫塔进水pH在7．5左右时有利于系统的稳定运行。当液气比为2．88、气速为9．5m／s时，脱硫效率可以达到85％以上。这种方法可大大降低脱硫成本，实现以废治废。     

烟气脱硫改造工程中的老烟囱防腐措施

湿法脱硫后的烟气含水量大，湿度高，烟气各项性能指标发生了变化，致使烟气具有强腐蚀性，从而带来了老烟囱如何防腐的问题。目前国内还缺乏老烟囱防腐改造经验，主要借鉴国外技术和经验。对玻璃鳞片胶泥衬里防腐、进口砖板衬里防腐、整体面层防腐3种方案进行了比较，结果表明：整体面层体系是老烟囱防腐改造较理想的措施。     

The Relative Importance of Sources of Greenhouse-Gas Emissions: Comparison of Global Through Subnational Perspectives

Increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are widely expected to cause global warming and other climatic changes. It is important to establish priorities for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, so that resources can be allocated efficiently and effectively. This is a global problem, and it is possible, on a global scale, to identify those activities whose emissions have the greatest potential for enhancing the greenhouse effect. However, perspectives from smaller scales must be appreciated, because it is on scales down to the local level that response measures will be implemented. This paper analyzes the relative importance of emissions from the many individual sources, on scales ranging from global to national to subnational. Individual country perspectives and proposed policy measures and those of subnational political entities exhibit some commonalities but differ among themselves and from a global-scale perspective in detail.     

澜沧铅矿井下有毒有害气体测评与控制

通过对井下作业点空气中CO、SO2、H2S、NO2和CO2等有毒有害气体的测定,将测定结果与进行比较,发现澜沧铅矿井下部分作业地点空气中CO、NO2和CO2浓度超过规定标准.根据分析、评价的结果,结合该矿实际情况,提出了控制井下有毒有害气体、改善井下空气质量的通风排毒等技术措施,以及防止井下有毒有害气体中毒的管理和个体防护措施.通过实施这些措施,使澜沧铅矿井下有毒有害气体得到了有效控制,其浓度达到了规定的要求.