基于数值流形法的反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏模拟

倾倒变形破坏是岩质边坡的一种典型破坏失稳形式,为研究重力作用下反倾层状岩质边坡在不同岩层倾角下的破坏特征,使用石根华博士提出的二维数值流形法(NMM),以青藏高原金沙江流域的西藏昌都地区芒康县索多西乡贡扎倾倒滑坡为研究案例,依据实地考察数据建立数值计算模型,模拟反倾岩质边坡的倾倒破坏过程。研究表明:岩层倾角小于45°时,反倾斜坡的变形破坏是从边坡中部倾倒区域开始的,倾倒区的破坏使得上部的稳定区岩石逐级发生破坏成为倾倒区的主体,从而提供了巨大的下滑力推动下部岩体发生滑移,使得整个斜坡发生倾倒破坏;当岩层倾角大于45°时,边坡的变形是由边坡下部逐渐向上部坡顶发展,且边坡上部也会出现明显的弯曲变形,呈“点头哈腰”式变形破坏。     

High resolution numerical simulation of methane explosion in bend ducts

In this paper we developed a parallel code, adopting a fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme with a third-order TVD Runge-Kutta time stepping method for the two-dimensional reactive Euler equations, to investigate the propagation process of methane explosion in bend ducts. In the simulations, an inverse Lax-Wendroff procedure is adopted to construct a high order boundary in order to treat the complex boundaries. The numerical results show that when the bend angle is 30° and 45°, it cannot inhibit the propagation of the detonation wave; while when the angle reaches 60° and 75°, the detonation wave finally attenuates to the shock wave. It indicates that the propagation of the detonation wave can be inhibited. Furthermore, the temperature and the pressure at the entrance of the bend are low. When the angle arrives at 90°, the detonation wave evolves into cellular detonation when it passes through the bend. When the angle is larger than 90°, the detonation wave dramatically attenuates at the diffracting point, and later some hot spots can be formed, which can ignite the combustible gas nearby. Thus the second explosion occurs and finally the detonation is formed. When the angle is larger than or equal to 90°, the temperature and the pressure at the entrance of the bend is too high that the rescue efforts in the methane explosion accidents will encounter great difficulties. Hence, the laneway with 60° and 75° bend can inhibit the propagation of the detonation wave, and the temperature and the pressure at the entrance of the bend is not too high as well. All the results above can provide an important basis for the design and optimization of the mine laneway.     

井斜角与摩擦对连续油管正弦屈曲的影响研究

为了避免连续油管井下屈曲行为的产生,进而导致井下作业事故,开展了井下管柱正弦屈曲行为的研究。根据最 小势能原理建立了一个复杂的井下管柱正弦屈曲模型。在考虑摩擦的情况下,构建了斜井中的管柱屈曲微分方程组。通 过对屈曲微分方程组进行无量纲化处理,使方程组能独立于井下泥浆、井眼尺寸和管柱形式而存在。最后,采用虚功原 理研究了摩擦与井斜角对正弦屈曲临界载荷的影响。研究结果显示,正弦屈曲临界载荷将随着摩擦系数的增加而增加。 此外,随着井斜角的增加,正弦屈曲临界载荷也将不断增加。该研究结果可为连续油管预防井下作业事故的发生提供理 论性指导。     

Experimental study on advantages of foam–sol in coal dust control

In China, more than 2.65 million coal mine workers are exposed to coal dust. Every year, new pneumoconiosis cases amount to 25,000, among which 6000 cases die of this disease. The figure is twice the death toll in production safety accidents. Occupational diseases seriously endanger life and health of coal mine workers, and restrict the healthy growth of the coal industry.The paper presented a study of foam–sol-based coal dust control. This was an experimental study of characteristics of foam–sol-based coal dust control, which features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. Comparative wettability experiments were carried out to determine contact angles of water, aqueous foam, and foam–sol solution. A new foam–sol generating system with a conical diffuser outlet was proposed.The experiment results clearly showed that the foam–sol features dust capture, suppression, and isolation. The wettability of the aqueous foam solution was better than the foam–sol solution, but the foam–sol technology had the better ability to capture the airborne dust, suppress the static dust and enclose the dust source, due to the excellent surface viscosity, strong cohesiveness and less volatile property. The paper concluded that the foam–sol could greatly improve the dust control efficiency and did not have main deficiencies that the aqueous foam technology had.     

单一闭合裂纹在单轴压缩下对岩体破裂过程的影响

基于断裂力学理论研究了无限大薄板内单一闭合裂纹的破裂规律,从II型断裂准则出发,详细推导了单轴压缩下裂纹破裂强度的解析表达式,且定量的分析了裂纹倾角、长度和摩擦系数对岩体破裂过程的影响,运用数值软件RFPA2D对其进行验证,二者具有较好的一致性。研究结果表明,单轴压缩下,含闭合裂纹岩体的强度是由裂纹强度决定的,且随裂纹倾角的增大呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,裂纹长度越大,摩擦系数越小岩体强度就越小。     

基于D-P准则的煤层钻孔封孔深度分析

为了确定合理的煤层钻孔封孔深度,提高瓦斯抽采效果,基于D-P屈服准则,提出关于中间主应力、煤岩剪膨胀的巷道开挖模型,推出钻孔周围煤体应力应变及钻孔封孔深度表达式。结合工程实例,以煤巷掘进工作面平均瓦斯抽采浓度和钻屑量为基础进行封孔深度的验证。研究结果表明:中间主应力、残余黏聚力、内摩擦角和剪胀角对于封孔深度有重要影响;在一定区间内,钻孔封孔深度随中间主应力的增大而增加,超过某个值后会随着中间主应力的增加而减小;剪胀角越大,扩容系数越大,钻孔封孔深度越大;平均瓦斯抽采浓度和钻屑量测试结果验证了封孔深度的准确性。     

岩层移动角选取的神经网络方法研究

岩层移动角是进行各类保护煤柱设计时的关键性参数 ,涉及地表建 (构 )筑物的安全。在综合分析影响岩层移动角因素的基础上 ,采用人工神经网络方法建立岩层移动角选取的模型。该模型采用改进的BP算法 ,运用我国典型的地表移动观测站资料作为学习训练样本和测试样本 ,对模型的计算结果与实测值进行了对比分析。分析结果表明 :用人工神经网络方法求算岩层移动角考虑的因素更为全面 ,结果更接近于实际。笔者为岩层移动角的理论计算探索出了一种新的方法。     

毛细渗透法测定固体表面能

根据粒度对固体表面能的影响,选用了毛细渗透法测定固体表面能.详细介绍了毛细渗透法的原理和实验操作步骤.最后得出结论,毛细渗透法测定固体颗粒的表面能,是一种较好的测试方法.     

辐流式斜管沉淀池处理生活污水的实验研究

斜管沉淀池是指在沉淀区内设有斜管的沉淀池。在平流式或竖流式沉淀池的沉淀区内利用倾斜的平行管或平行管道分割成一系列浅层沉淀层,被处理的和沉降的沉泥在各沉淀浅层中相互运动并分离。根据其相互运动方向分为逆(异)向流、同向流和逆向流三种不同分离方式。每两块平行斜板间相当于一个很浅的沉淀池。辐流式沉淀池半桥式周边传动刮泥活性污泥法处理污水工艺过程中沉淀池的理想配套设备适用于一沉池或二沉池,主要功能是为去除沉淀池中沉淀的污泥以及水面表层的漂浮物。一般适用于大中池径沉淀池。辐流式沉淀池采用机械排泥,运行较好,设备较简单,排泥设备已有定型产品,沉淀性效果好,日处理量大,对水体搅动小,有利于悬浮物的去除。本研究通过掌握斜管沉淀池的构造功能及沉淀原理、通过改变运行因素来验证斜管沉淀池的处理效率。     

露天矿最终边坡角的快速拉格朗日有限差分法研究

某露天钼矿,矿体为石英粗面岩,下盘为流纹岩,上盘为粗面凝灰岩。原设计坑底标高为630 m,最终边坡角上盘实际取48°,下盘取50°。二期设计坑底标高为500 m。为了探索露天坑底延伸后的最终边坡角,分别应用ANSYS和快速拉格朗日有限差分法(FLAC-3D),研究矮台阶和高台阶开采的边坡稳定性及局部边坡加固方法。结果表明:应用ANSYS软件在D-P准则下研究最终边坡角及边坡稳定性是不合适的;由FLAC-3D得出经济合理的最终边坡角为48°~50°。为确保边坡的长期稳定,应用长8 m的锚索加固局部台阶,可减小其潜在的受拉区中的拉应力值;按一根锚索承担的台阶潜在的受拉区的岩体自重施加锚固力是合理的;若高台阶坡面角不变,边坡稳定性略有恶化;降低高台阶坡面角可加大边坡的稳定性。在莫尔-库伦准则下FLAC-3D适合搜索岩质边坡的潜在受拉区,据此确定最终边坡角技术可行、经济合理、简便适用。用该方法研究最终边坡角,克服了极限平衡法必须事先假定滑动面的弱点。