有机废弃物农业利用的途径与技术简介

本文对我国有机废弃物农业利用的主要途径、技术措施及其发展趋势作了论述。     

中国富营养化湖泊的生物修复

描述了中国湖泊富营养化污染现状 ,论述了湖泊富营养化形成的机理、生物修复富营养化湖泊 (尤其是去除水体和底泥碳、氮、磷 )的理论依据 ;提出了修复湖泊富营养化的技术途径 ,阐明了笔者对机械清淤和生物修复各自具有的优势和缺陷的看法。     

铅锌冶炼企业循环经济建设中的物质流分析方法研究

针对循环经济建设模式下有色金属行业企业循环经济建设的物质流分析的特点,对铅锌冶炼企业物质流动情况,从分析方法的内容与步骤两方面进行了详尽的研究,得到了适用于铅锌冶炼企业循环经济建设的物质流分析方法,即采用生命周期评价方法对铅锌冶炼主流程各工序的物质流进行分析,用化合物物质流分析方法进行铅锌伴生元素回收过程的输入输出分析.     

对稀土酸法冶炼污染治理的探讨

采用浓硫酸强化焙烧处理混合稀土精矿，产生大量的水、气、渣废弃物，平均每生产1吨稀土氧化物，将产生63000m^3的废气，200m^3的废水和1．4t左右的含放射性废渣。这些废弃物中含有大量有用化学物质，如：(NH4)2SO4 1．4t、NHCL3 2．2t、H2SO4约900Kg、HF 160Kg、BaSO4 230Kg和少量的HCL等，这些物质不易分离，提取困难，至今仍未实现有效的回收利用或处理处置，而基本全部排入环境，造成了严重的环境污染问题，制约着稀土工业的长期稳定发展。本文在长期治理技术研究、试验的基础上，结合现已成熟的治理技术和其它行业污染治理成果，概略的介绍了采用多种成熟技术的组合，分流分治的方法，根据各种污染源主要污染物的特性，以回收利用为目标，提出了稀土酸法冶炼污染治理的经济有效的途径，为全面根治稀土冶炼的污染总结出一条可行的途径。     

大学校园的生态足迹探究

生态足迹分析法是评价绿色校园建设水平较好的指标之一,能定量揭示学校的生态状况,本文结合黑龙江科技学院的校园状况,简要介绍生态足迹成分法的原理和计算分析方法.研究结果表明,黑龙江科技学院2005年总生态足迹为18410.53 hm2,即需要18410.53 hm2生态生产性土地来支持学校的各类消费以及吸纳废弃物;人均生态足迹为0.94 hm2/人,与全国人均生态足迹1.5 hm2相比较,学校的生态状况比较乐观.     

污水生物处理单元能量平衡与分析方法研究与应用

在提出污染物内能概念的基础上，对污水生物处理工艺能量平衡和分析的原理与方法进行了探讨，建立了能量平衡研究的基本模型。据此对国内四座不同工艺的城市污水处理厂进行了生物处理单元的能量衡算，并采用两类指标对处理单元耗能状况进行了评价。应用能量平衡分析方法可进行处理工艺的设计遴选和建成后运转效果的评判，以及指导处理厂有针对性地采取节能降耗措施。     

Using a pattern‐oriented approach to study leaders: Implications for burnout and perceived role demand

Using a pattern‐oriented approach, we identified clusters of leaders who shared theoretically meaningful combinations of transformational, contingent reward, management by exception active, management by exception passive, and laissez‐faire leadership styles. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, we examined whether leaders who shared a similar pattern of leadership styles differed from leaders who belonged to other profile groups, with respect to felt burnout and perceived role demands. Hypotheses were tested using a time‐lagged field study involving 183 leaders. Using latent profile analyses, we found four theoretically interpretable patterns. Leaders who belonged to the comprehensive cluster (elevated scores on the transformational, contingent reward, and the passive styles; 14.2%) experienced the highest levels of burnout and role demands, whereas those who were disengaged (low scores on all styles; 33.3%) reported the lowest levels. Leaders who exhibited a passive behavioral pattern (elevated scores on management by exception active, management by exception passive, and laissez‐faire relative to the other styles; 27.3%) experienced more burnout and role demands than did leaders who exhibited an optimal pattern (elevated scores on transformational and contingent reward styles relative to the passive styles; 25.1%). The theoretical and practical implications of a pattern‐oriented approach to leadership research were discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.     

松花江干流PAHs的底泥-水交换行为及时空异质性

为了解松花江干流底泥和水体中PAHs(多环芳烃)的环境分布行为,应用逸度方法研究了松花江中PAHs的底泥-水交换行为及时空异质性特征. 结果表明:K_OW(辛醇-水分配系数)影响PAHs的底泥-水交换行为,并与底泥-水交换的f_f(逸度分数)呈显著负相关(R=-0.801,P=0.000),而f_f与PAHs的溶解度则呈正相关(R=0.499,P<0.05);高环PAHs的底泥-水交换行为受w(OC)变化的影响较为强烈,w(OC)每提高0.10%,2~6环PAHs的f_f降低0.7%~11.0%;春季PAHs的底泥-水交换的f_f大于夏季. 低环的Nap(萘)表现出明显的由底泥向水体的迁移行为,Phe(菲)和FlA(荧蒽)几乎接近于平衡状态,而高环的BaP(苯并芘)和BgP(苯并苝)则相反. 夏季PAHs的大气传输及本地排放源的沉降,可能为松花江干流PAHs的主要来源;汇入支流的输入可视为主干河流水体中污染物的另一来源. 水体中2~4环PAHs处于中等变异,5~6环PAHs则表现为强变异;底泥中3~4环PAHs处于中等变异,而其他环数PAHs则呈强变异. 从季节性变化来看,夏季底泥中PAHs的CV(变异系数)相对较大,而春季水体中PAHs的CV则略大于夏季. 研究显示,PAHs物理化学性质的差异,水体中悬浮颗粒物和底泥中w(OC),以及外源性PAHs的输入,均会使不同环数PAHs在水体和底泥中的CV产生较大差异.      

Efficiency of stormwater control measures for combined sewer retrofitting under varying rain conditions: Quantifying the Three Points Approach (3PA)

We present a method to assess and communicate the efficiency of stormwater control measures for retrofitting existing urban areas. The tool extends the Three Points Approach to quantitatively distinguish three rainfall domains: (A) rainwater resource utilisation, (B) urban stormwater drainage pipe design, and (C) pluvial flood mitigation. Methods for calculating efficiencies are defined recognizing that rainfall is both a valuable resource and a potential problem. Efficiencies are quantified in relation to rainfall volume, supplied potable water volume and volume of wastewater treated. A case study from Denmark is used to illustrate how the efficiency varies between the rainfall domains. The method provides a means for communicating some important quantitative aspects of stormwater control measures among engineers, planners and decision makers working with management of water resources, stormwater drainage and flood risks.