城市轨道交通噪声与振动控制对策

随着城市轨道交通的飞速发展,城市轨道交通噪声和振动污染问题越来越受到公众关注.本文分析了城市轨道交通中噪声与振动产生的原因,并从控制噪声与振动源、隔离传播途径等方面,提出了城市轨道交通中减振降噪的控制措施,为解决城市轨道交通发展中的环境问题提供参考.     

Formulating an ecosystem approach to environmental protection

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has embraced a new strategy of environmental protection that is place-driven rather than program-driven. This new approach focuses on the protection of entire ecosystems. To develop an effective strategy of ecosystem protection, however, EPA will need to: (1) determine how to define and delineate ecosystems and (2) categorize threats to individual ecosystems and priority rank ecosystems at risk. Current definitions of ecosystem in use at EPA are inadequate for meaningful use in a management or regulatory context. A landscape-based definition that describes an ecosystem as a volumetric unit delineated by climatic and landscape features is suggested. Following this definition, ecosystems are organized hierarchically, from megaecosystems, which exist on a continental scale (e.g., Great Lakes), to small local ecosystems.Threats to ecosystems can generally be categorized as: (1) ecosystem degradation (occurs mainly through pollution) (2) ecosystem alteration (physical changes such as water diversion), and (3) ecosystem removal (e.g., conversion of wetlands or forest to urban or agricultural lands). Level of threat (i.e., how imminent), and distance from desired future condition are also important in evaluating threats to ecosystems. Category of threat, level of threat, and distance from desired future condition can be combined into a three-dimensional ranking system for ecosystems at risk. The purpose of the proposed ranking system is to suggest a preliminary framework for agencies such as EPA to prioritize responses to ecosystems at risk.     

聚合硫酸铁中碱化度的分析方法

本文着重介绍了聚合硫酸铁中碱化度的分析方法，其方法可靠、准确，对聚合铁的质量分析及生产指导均有较大帮助。     

参与式方法在乡村生态恢复与保护规划中的应用

对区域生态环境恢复与保护的规划,传统上由相关技术人员应用生态经济学原理和景观生态学的方法进行。把当前国际发展领域通用的参与式方法与生态规划方法相结合,通过多层次、多学科、多部门的共同参与,使外来者的技术和当地相关利益群体的经验比较好地融合,完成村民参与式的生态环境恢复与保护规划。利用这种方法形成的规划,能够增强社区村民的拥有感,有利于规划付诸实施。     

Euclid贴近度-灰色关联模型在环境评价中的应用

在结合实例进行分析的基础上,指出了传统的灰色平均关联度可能出现的关联度和实际的贴近程度不一致的缺陷。通过引入欧几里德贴近度,建立欧几里德贴近度-灰色关联复合模型,解决了灰色平均关联度的这一不足,并结合石家庄市地表水环境质量评价说明该模型的应用,得到了与实际情况一致的评价结论,表明这一模型是合理和可行的。     

环境执法工作面临的问题与改善途径

阐述环境执法存在的问题,对其现状、原因及进一步完善环境执法、提高依法行政水平提出了设想和建议。     

农作物种植结构与农民收入及其对环境影响的分析

农民增收问题是三农问题的重要环节。本文以湖南省张家界市慈利县零溪镇大庄村第五、八、十六组为研究对象,分析了自1980年实行土地包产到户以来农作物种植结构的变化及农民收入之间的关系,认为在本地以柑橘为主的单一类型农作物规模化经营最有利于降低农民劳动强度、提高农民收入,对环境既有正面影响也有负面影响,并对其带来的环境影响提出了思考和建议。     

A cluster-based decision support system for estimating earthquake damage and casualties

This paper describes a Decision Support System for Disaster Management (DSS-DM) to aid operational and strategic planning and policy-making for disaster mitigation and preparedness in a less-developed infrastructural context. Such contexts require a more flexible and robust system for fast prediction of damage and losses. The proposed system is specifically designed for earthquake scenarios, estimating the extent of human losses and injuries, as well as the need for temporary shelters. The DSS-DM uses a scenario approach to calculate the aforementioned parameters at the district and sub-district level at different earthquake intensities. The following system modules have been created: clusters (buildings) with respect to use; buildings with respect to construction typology; and estimations of damage to clusters, human losses and injuries, and the need for shelters. The paper not only examines the components of the DSS-DM, but also looks at its application in Besiktas municipality in the city of Istanbul, Turkey.     

基于零膨胀负二项回归模型的内河水上交通人命安全分析

运用零膨胀负二项回归模型,分析水上交通事故中人员死亡失踪数量的各影响因素的影响程度。通过Pearson相关分析得到与水上交通事故中人员死亡失踪人数密切相关的因素,建立ZINB回归模型得到各因素的参数估计值。运用弹性分析方法对不同影响因素的影响程度进行评估,根据影响程度对各影响因素进行排序。将该方法应用于长江海事局辖区范围内的水上交通事故人员死亡失踪分析,取得了理想效果。