不同基质体系中白腐菌对喹啉和吲哚的降解

采用单基质及混合基质体系,探讨了白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatusBP对氮杂环化合物的降解规律．结果表明,在弱酸性环境下,白腐菌能有效降解喹啉和吲哚．单基质体系中,喹啉的降解率15d内能达到89．48％,98．17％的吲哚6d内被降解;混合基质体系中,基质（喹啉、吡啶、苯酚及氨氮）的加入能促进白腐菌对吲哚的降解,但（吲哚、吡啶、苯酚及氨氮）却抑制了白腐菌对喹啉的降解．不同基质体系中,白腐菌对喹啉和吲哚的降解分别遵循零级和一级反应动力学．相对单基质而言,混合基质的存在对白腐菌生物学特性产生明显影响,可缩短生长周期,提高生长速率和漆酶活性．漆酶存吲哚的降解中起着重要的作用,但不能完全决定喹啉的降解．图5表2参14     

Effect of nitroethane and nitroethanol on the production of indole and 3-methylindole (skatole) from bacteria in swine feces by gas chromatography

Indole and 3-methylindole (skatole) are odor pollutants in livestock waste, and skatole is a major component of boar taint. Skatole causes pulmonary edema and emphysema in ruminants and causes damage to lung Clara cells in animals and humans. A gas chromatographic method that originally used a nitrogen–phosphorus detector to increase sensitivity was modified resulting in an improved flame ionization detection response for indole and skatole of 236% and 207%, respectively. The improved method eliminates the large amount of indole decomposition in the injector. A 10 μ g mL^–1 spike of indole and skatole in water and swine fecal slurries resulted in recovery of 78.5% and 96% in water and 76.1% and 85.8% in fecal slurries, respectively. The effect of the addition of nitroethane and nitroethanol at 21.8 mM in swine fecal slurries was studied on the microbial production of indole and skatole. Nitroethane and nitroethanol decreased the production of skatole in swine fecal slurries at 24 h. The nitroethane effect on l-tryptophan-supplemented fecal slurries after 6 and 24 h incubation resulted in a decrease of 69.0% (P = 0.02) and 23.5% skatole production, respectively, and a decrease of 14.9% indole at 6 h, but an increase in indole production of 81.1% at 24 h.     

以吡啶、喹啉和吲哚为单一碳源时反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累及动力学研究

以吡啶、喹啉和吲哚为单一碳源,通过摇床实验进行反硝化过程动力学研究。实验结果表明,以吡啶和喹啉为单一碳源的反硝化过程中,NO-2-N的积累率分别达到了53.4%和16.4%;以吲哚为单一碳源的反硝化过程中,NO-2-N的积累现象不明显,最高不超过4%。以NO-3-N+0.6 NO-2-N作为反硝化电子受体,采用基于Monod方程的动态模型进行拟合,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好。其次,采用基于Monod方程的微分方程组模型,也能够很好地拟合3种碳源条件下反硝化过程硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐质量浓度的变化,得到相应的动力学参数。     

漆酶/ABTS介体系统对吲哚的降解研究

采用纯漆酶与介体2,2-连氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻吡咯啉-6-磺酸)(简称ABTS)组成的漆酶/ABTS介体系统对低浓度吲哚进行降解实验。综合考虑,选取降解条件为pH 3、ABTS 0.5 mmol/L,漆酶添加量1 U/mL时,对低浓度吲哚溶液的降解效果最佳,降解率达到80%以上。介体ABTS的加入对降解率的提高发挥了重要作用。体系中决定吲哚降解率高低的重要因素为pH和介体浓度,漆酶添加量影响较小。在HPLC谱图2.4 min和2.7 min出现的新物质可能是氧化吲哚和靛红。     

In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of certain 3-{4-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)phenylimino}-indolin-2-one derivatives

A new series of 5- or 7-substituted 3-{4-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenylimino}-indolin-2-one derivatives were screened for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The results of this study revealed that all synthesized compounds were significantly scavenged DPPH free radicals in a concentration-dependant manner. The IC₅₀ values of all test compounds were found to be between 18.34 and 50.54?µM. All compounds significantly inhibited growth of bacteria and most of the minimum inhibitory concentration values were between 20 and 100?mg?mL^?1 indicating potent to moderate antibacterial activity. In conclusion, 3-{4-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)phenylimino)-5 or 7-substituted indolin-2-ones derivatives exhibited moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.     

固定化胶质红环菌在好氧条件下降解吲哚的研究

用聚焦－交联固定化胶质红环菌，在好氧条件下降解吲哚的实验。实验结果表明，该菌种可利用吲哚作为唯一碳源和氮源。固定化胶质红环菌好氧降解吲哚的最佳条件为：温度22－40℃，pH值5．5－8．5；投加适量KH2PO4可促进其降解吲哚的效果；金属离子Co^2 、Ni^2 、Cu^2 对其降解吲哚性能有明显抑制作用，固定化胶质红外环菌对吲哚去除率最高可达97．0％。     

Comamonas sp. IDO2合成靛蓝的特性研究

利用吲哚降解菌丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas)IDO2转化吲哚合成靛蓝,优化靛蓝合成条件,并对合成产物进行分析.结果表明,菌株IDO2能够在苯酚、萘、苯和菲的诱导下转化吲哚合成靛蓝,在苯酚诱导时靛蓝的产量最高.采用表面响应法优化菌株合成靛蓝的条件:吲哚197.76mg·L~(-1),苯酚203.39 mg·L~(-1),酵母浸粉0.18%,在此条件下靛蓝的合成量为9.0 mg·L~(-1),与初始条件下的产量相比提高了104%.此外,考察了不同金属离子对菌株IDO2合成靛蓝的影响,结果表明Ba~(2+)和Ca~(2+)对靛蓝的合成具有促进作用.采用液相色谱/飞行时间/质谱联用对菌株IDO2转化吲哚的产物进行定量和定性分析,发现合成产物主要为靛蓝和靛红,并依此提出了可能的反应途径.     

以喹啉或吲哚为单一碳源时反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐的积累

分别以喹啉或吲哚为单一碳源和电子供体,硝酸盐为电子受体,对反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐(NO2--N)的积累进行了试验研究.结果表明,以喹啉为碳源时,在不同碳氮比(C/N)条件下反硝化过程中均出现明显的NO2--N积累;而且其最高积累率随着C/N比增大而降低,当C/N比为2.5时,NO2--N最高积累率达93.97%,当C/N比为12.8时NO2--N最高积累率为42.31%.而以吲哚为碳源时,在不同C/N比条件下反硝化过程中NO2--N积累程度都很低,最高积累率只有4.71%.以喹啉为单一碳源时,亚硝酸盐的还原速率小于硝酸盐的还原速率;而以吲哚为单一碳源时,亚硝酸盐的还原速率大于硝酸盐的还原速率;上述硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐还原速率的不同导致了以喹啉或吲哚分别为碳源时反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累率的不同.基于碳源完全降解和完全反硝化的考虑,以喹啉或吲哚为单一碳源时的最佳碳氮比均为6.8.     

缺氧条件下含氮杂环化合物吲哚和吡啶的共代谢研究

以含氮杂环化合物吲哚和吡啶为研究对象,在传统的缺氧反硝化机理研究基础上,通过向配制废水中加入硝酸盐氮,研究吡啶和吲哚在缺氧条件下的共代谢作用.结果表明,吡啶和吲哚缺氧共代谢的最佳碳氮比为8.4～8.9之间.硝酸还原酶适宜作用的环境条件为:温度28℃,pH值7.0～7.5.吡啶的加入有利于硝酸还原酶活性的提高,吡啶对吲哚的缺氧降解有协同作用.在最佳碳氮比条件下,当吲哚起始浓度为150mg/L,吲哚和吡啶的浓度比例为1～10之间时,吲哚的降解符合零级动力学规律,反应过程中亚硝酸盐氮基本没有积累.当吡啶和吲哚的浓度比小于0.25时,随着吡啶浓度比例的提高,硝酸还原酶活性及吲哚降解速率的增长较快;当吡啶和吲哚的浓度比大于0.25时,硝酸还原酶活性及吲哚降解速率的增长变得比较缓慢.