南钢1~#、2~#高炉出铁场除尘系统风量集中改造的实践

论述了南钢1#、2#炉出铁场除尘风量集中改造技术,并对风量集中改造的原因、改造方案和效果进行评定,利用两个高炉共用一个出铁场除尘器的特点,瞬时将风量集中到单座大喷的高炉,强化异常生产状态下铁口抽风的效果,解决大喷时厂房"冒烟"的问题。     

纺织工业粉尘爆炸危险区域划分方法

根据国家标准,分析了爆炸性粉尘环境危险区域划分的方法和步骤,以粉尘释放源释放频率和形成爆炸混合物的可能性为指标,给出了危险区域划分方法,并以某纺织企业为例进行了说明,所得结果对纺织企业的安全生产具有借鉴意义。     

移动通风槽技术在攀钢炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统的应用

采用移动通风槽技术对攀钢炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统槽上原有吸尘点进行改造,改造后达到节能减排、降低成本的目的,具有一定的经济效益及环境效益.     

煤矿综掘面泡沫降尘技术研究与实施

针对煤矿综掘面粉尘治理技术中存在的不足,采用泡沫降尘新技术结合长压短抽式通风方式进行粉尘防治。以霍尔辛赫矿为例,根据井下实际情况,利用GAMB IT和FLUENT建立掘进巷道的几何模型,并对巷道掘进通风过程中粉尘分布规律进行解算,将模拟结果和现场实测数据对比,确定掘进面回风侧的高浓度粉尘分布区。对掘进面煤样进行湿润性试验,确定最佳的发泡剂添加比例。综合以上情况,泡沫降尘技术实施时采用环形前置式喷头布置,发泡剂添加比例定为10‰,并在回风侧距掘进面5 m、距底板2 m处设置风筒,将高浓度粉尘抽出并沉降。现场实测数据显示,泡沫降尘技术降尘效率明显高于喷雾降尘技术。使用泡沫降尘时,在司机侧测得全尘及呼吸性粉尘降尘效率分别达到75.4%和74.7%。     

Collecting representative dust samples: A comparison of various sampling methods in underground coal mines

Former methods used in the U.S. to assess hazardous and explosible coal dust date back to the 1950s. As mining technologies advanced, so too have the hazards. Given the results of the recent coal dust particle size survey and full-scale experimental mine explosion tests, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended a new minimum standard, in the absence of background methane, of 80% total incombustible content (TIC) be required in the intake airways of bituminous coal mines, replacing the previous 65% TIC requirement. Most important to monitoring and maintaining the 80% TIC is the ability to effectively collect and analyze representative dust samples that would likely disperse and participate in dust explosion propagation. Research has shown that dust suspended on elevated surfaces is usually finer, more reactive, and more readily dispersible while floor deposits of dust are generally coarser and more difficult to disperse given the same blast of air. The roof, rib, and floor portions of the dust samples were collected and analyzed for incombustible content separately and the results were compared to a band sample of the roof, rib, and floor components. Results indicate that the roof and rib dust samples should be kept separate from floor dust samples and considered individually for analyses. The various experimental collection methods are detailed along with preferred sampling approaches that improve the detectability of potentially hazardous accumulations of explosible dust.     

Hybrid H2/Al dust explosions in Siwek sphere

Explosion indices and explosion behaviour of Al dust/H₂/air mixtures were studied using standard 20 l sphere. The study was motivated by an explosion hazard occurring at some accidental scenarios considered now in ITER design (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). During Loss-of-Vacuum or Loss-of-Coolant Accidents (LOCA/LOVA) it is possible to form inside the ITER vacuum vessel an explosible atmosphere containing fine Be or W dusts and hydrogen. To approach the Be/H₂ explosion problem, Be dust is substituted in this study by aluminium, because of high toxicity of Be dusts. The tested dust concentrations were 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g/m3; hydrogen concentrations varied from 8 to 20 vol. % with 2% step. The mixtures were ignited by a weak electric spark. Pressure evolutions were recorded during the mixture explosions. In addition, the gaseous compositions of the combustion products were measured by a quadruple mass-spectrometer. The dust was involved in the explosion process at all hydrogen and dust concentrations even at the combination ‘8%/100 g/m3’. In all the other tests the explosion overpressures and the pressure rise rates were noticeably higher than those relevant to pure H₂/air mixtures and pure Al dust/air mixtures. At lower hybrid fuel concentrations the mixture exploded in two steps: first hydrogen explosion followed by a clearly separated Al dust explosion. With rising concentrations, the two-phase explosion regime transits to a single-phase regime where the two fuel components exploded together as a single fuel. In this regime both the hybrid explosion pressures and pressure rise rates are higher than either H₂ or Al ones. The two fuels compete for the oxygen; the higher the dust concentration, the more part of O2 it consumes (and the more H₂ remains in the combustion products). The test results are used to support DUST3D CFD code developed at KIT to model LOCA or LOVA scenarios in ITER.     

不同磁化抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响规律的实验研究

针对微小粒径粉尘具有危害大且难润湿的问题,基于润湿剂与磁场对水滴颗粒的耦合改性机理,研究不同磁场强度下各抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响,采用座滴法测定磁化试剂的煤粉表面接触角,通过粉尘润湿机理进行分析,煤尘沉降Walker实验进行佐证,得到抑尘剂种类、浓度与磁化强度对煤粉的润湿性规律。结果表明:未经磁化的高于临界胶束浓度值溶液对煤尘的润湿能力变化不大,阴离子表面活性剂溶液对煤样的润湿能力强于非离子表面活性剂溶液和阳离子表面活性剂溶液;磁化强度为500 mT的磁化溶液对煤尘润湿能力达到最佳效果。     

基于CFD-DEM的旋风除尘器内气固流动特性研究

为了研究旋风除尘器内气固流动特性,采用CFD-DEM耦合算法研究不同入口气体速度下旋风除尘器内颗粒流态、静压、径向速度及轴向速度分布特征。结果表明:煤屑颗粒在离心力和径向曳力的作用下以螺旋颗粒条带靠近除尘器的壁面稳定向下移动,随着入口风速的增加煤屑颗粒条带变宽,条带与除尘器的第1次接触的拐点上移,螺距减小;除尘器内部压力轴向变化较小,径向变化较大,随着入口气体速度增加,除尘器壁面附近高压区范围和压力也随之增加,除尘器上方和下方的负压区变宽并朝轴向方向延伸;随入口气体速度增加,除尘器内径向速度和轴向速度逐渐增加,煤屑颗粒在除尘器中部聚集较多,煤屑停留时间变长,入口气体速度为15 m/s时,煤屑颗粒在除尘器内停留时间最长。     

不同含水率煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下爆炸传播规律研究

为了探究不同含水率煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下的爆炸传播规律,利用自行搭建的直管瓦斯爆炸诱导煤尘二次爆炸实验系统,从冲击波压力和火焰传播速度2个方面,研究了不同含水率沉积煤尘在瓦斯爆炸诱导下的爆炸传播规律和原因。研究结果表明:当煤尘含水率小于40%时,管道内沉积煤尘会在瓦斯爆炸诱导下产生二次爆炸,同时沉积煤尘总量一定时,沉积煤尘二次爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值和火焰传播速度随着煤尘含水率的增加先增大后减小;当沉积煤尘含水率为20% 时,煤尘二次爆炸产生的冲击波超压峰值、火焰传播速度峰值达到最大值,分别为1.657 MPa和468.060 m/s;当沉积煤尘含水率大于40%时,沉积煤尘无法产生二次爆炸,此时爆炸产生的威力小于单一瓦斯爆炸,火焰传播速度衰减较无煤尘的瓦斯爆炸更快,沉积煤尘起到抑制瓦斯爆炸传播的作用。研究结果可以为防治煤尘二次爆炸提供理论依据。     

惰性粉体对蔗糖粉尘最小点火能的影响研究

为了预防蔗糖粉尘爆炸,利用1.2 L哈特曼管研究了NH₄H₂PO₄与Al(OH₄对蔗糖粉尘爆炸的抑制作用。在蔗糖粉尘质量分数一定的条件下,通过改变 NH₄H₂PO₄与Al(OH)₄的粒径和质量分数,测定其对蔗糖粉尘爆炸的抑制效果。结果表明:随着NH₄H₂PO₄和Al(OH)₄质量分数的增加,粒径的减小,蔗糖粉尘的最小点火能均逐渐增大,当惰性粉体增加到一定质量时,蔗糖粉尘被完全惰化,在蔗糖粉尘中分别加入粒径为48~74,38~47,25~37 μm的NH₄H₂PO₄和Al(OH)₄,3种粒径的NH₄H₂PO₄使蔗糖粉尘完全惰化的质量分数分别为40%,35%,30%,3种粒径的Al(OH)₃使蔗糖粉尘惰化的质量分数均为60%。因此(NH₄)H₂PO₄抑制蔗糖粉尘爆炸的效果比Al(OH)₃更显著。