用循环经济理论指导工业区环境影响评价

区域开发的不确定性等给区域开发的环境影响评价(REIA)提出了较高的要求。循环经济按照自然生态学的原理,形成"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质闭循环的流动过程。融入循环经济理念,将弥补传统区域开发环境影响评价模式的不足,更好发挥其在项目审批及环境管理中的作用。     

江苏省及南京市工业危险废物现状研究与分析

通过对全国、江苏省以及南京市工业危险废物的产生量和排放量进行调查、总结和对比分析,指出江苏省作为一个工业大省、强省,每年工业危险废物的产生量接近全国的10%,且呈逐年下降趋势.而排放量所占比例大于10%,且出现了先降低、再增加、又降低到零的现象,最高时达到16.67%.造成这一现象的原因可能跟工业危险废物的管理有关.同时指出了目前江苏省乃至南京市目前存在的问题以及相应的对策措施.     

丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层在我国典型大气环境下的老化历程

本文采用交流阻抗测试技术、傅立叶红外测试技术研究了丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层在我国典型大气环境(武汉、拉萨)下户外降解规律,分析了其降解机理,比较了不同地区的环境老化强度,并探讨了丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层降解过程中电化学等效回路模型的转换问题.结果表明:(i)随曝露时间的延长,涂层的孔隙率增加、孔隙结构增大,体系由一个时间常数特征转为两个时间常数特征,涂层内逐渐形成了腐蚀性离子通往基底金属的通道,基底金属发生腐蚀,随金属腐蚀产物的增加,金属/溶液双电层电容逐渐被具有弥散效应的电容元件替换;(ii)丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层抗蚀性能的降低主要由涂层内高分子链节的断裂所致,随曝露时间的延长,在仲酰胺处发生断裂,生成了新的基团伯酰胺;(iii)丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层在拉萨地区的降解速率较武汉地区快.     

环境规制对城市生态技术扩散效率的影响研究

生态技术扩散是长江经济带生态文明建设的必要环节,也是企业履行环保责任的有效措施。本文以长江经济带110个地级及以上城市为研究对象,采用非径向方向距离函数对城市工业企业生态技术扩散效率进行测算,分别从整体和区域异质性角度实证分析环境规制对城市工业企业生态技术扩散效率的影响及内在机理。结果表明：长江经济带城市环境规制与生态技术扩散效率存在倒“U”形关系,环境规制对生态技术扩散效率还存在多重影响路径,外商直接投资和工业集聚在影响路径中分别起着中介作用,且外商直接投资和工业集聚的链式中介显著。在异质性分析中,发现环境规制、外商直接投资、工业集聚和生态技术扩散效率之间的关系因区域位置不同而存在差异性。为此,依据研究结论及环境规制实施现状提出相应的政策建议,实现长江经济带经济永续绿色发展目标。     

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coating samples （NSCSs） from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments （SSs） in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd） using the modified sequential extraction procedure （MSEP）. The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi＇actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase （76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs） and Fe-oxides phase （20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs）. Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase （48.27%） and that in SSs present as residual phase （45.44%）. Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions （〉48%）, and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter （OM）, and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.     

新型涂料在弹药储运环境防护中的运用研究

在分析了弹药储运过程中恶劣的电磁环境基础上,结合目前我军弹药用涂料的现状,探索了利用膨胀石墨蠕虫作为填料,以聚氨酯清漆作为粘结剂的新型涂料的防静电性能,分析了膨胀石墨蠕虫的膨胀体积、填料含量、涂层厚度与电阻率的关系,并论述了新型弹药用涂料的应用前景。     

船舶涂料海洋大气暴露与室内加速试验模拟性研究

通过两年海洋大气环境暴露试验、盐雾／紫外冷凝老化交替试验和氙灯老化试验。对比聚氨酯涂料、丙烯酸涂料涂层的色差和失光率,研究了3种试验对涂层表观性能的影响。发现紫外／冷凝老化加速试验对海洋大气暴露试验有很好的模拟性。     

太阳热反射涂料的研制

根据涂料反射太阳热的原理,以丙烯酸树脂为基料,以金红石型钛白粉、云母粉及空心玻璃微珠为原料,制备了隔热性能和耐候性能均良好的太阳热反射隔热涂料,并研究了颜料、填料种类、粒径、涂层厚度对涂料隔热性能的影响。     

环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的空间溢出效应

目前我国正在积极地探寻经济增长高质量发展,生态环境与经济持续、稳定的和谐发展至关重要。虽然政府制定了相关的环境治理政策,但我国环境治理整体效果仍然欠佳。自从分税制改革以来,地方政府为了获得较高经济效益,会放松对环境管理,导致环境治理高投入低成效。同时,由于区域经济发展不平衡导致政府在制定相关环境治理政策时带有区域性特点,迫使高污染高能耗企业迁移至环境规制相对薄弱的地区,由此产生污染迁移的现象。基于此,对2003—2017年30个省区市(港澳台和西藏除外)环境污染总指数的空间溢出效应进行探讨,构建动态空间杜宾模型研究环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的影响。研究结果表明:①环境规制总体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在正向空间溢出效应,当某省环境规制强度增加,环境污染总指数会降低,从而引起污染向相邻省份转移,造成相邻省份的环境污染总指数上升。②省际产业转移整体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在负向空间溢出效应,当某省的产业转移到相邻省份时,会缓解本省环境污染,却加重相邻省份的环境污染程度。这就需要中央政府加强对于各省区市的环境管控,统筹各区域的联防联治机制。产业转移承接省份在招商引资的过程中不仅要考虑本省环境承载能力和环境治理能力,还要考虑入驻企业自身污染排放处理能力,并将污染排放指数纳入筛选条件。同时,产业转移承接省份要引入企业的生产工艺、技术、研发团队等,运用技术溢出效应提升区域环境治理水平。     

Location selection of emergency supplies repositories for emergency logistics management: A variable weighted algorithm

With the development of the city, the number of establishments that are proposed or under construction is increasing year by year, and if they are industries that handle flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and dangerous substances, the public safety will face great threats, which will bring great challenges to emergency rescue work. Therefore, providing reasonable solutions to the problem of location selection of emergency supplies repositories are necessary for improving the emergency response efficiency in chemical industrial parks. A mathematical model for location selection of emergency supplies repositories in emergency logistics management are presented considering more actual factors. The optimization objectives of the model are to minimize total transport length and cost. And then a Variable Weighted Algorithm is designed to solve the model, where an auxiliary function was constructed with different methods of building weighting factors based on the theory and method of solving multi-objective optimization problems in operational research. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the models and algorithms presented in this paper.