工业锅炉除尘脱硫废水回用技术及设备的开发

针对工业锅炉除尘脱硫废水设计一套工业化的处理设备,并对其实际的处理性能进行考察和评价。该设备由网格絮凝+复合流沉淀+浅滤层过滤三个单元组成,设备构造合理,系统性能协调。设备正常运行时处理出水浑浊度平均值<10度,最大值<15度,出水浑浊度波动系数为1.8,浑浊度极差10.5度,水质稳定,满足回用水质要求。     

工业废水排放量和治理投资费用的预测

利用1996—2005年相关统计数据以及专项调查数据,对重点排放行业工业废水的产生、排放特征以及治理费用函数进行分析,建立了分行业的宏观工业废水排放和治理费用预测模型,并预测了2006—2020年工业废水排放趋势、投资需求以及减排重点. 结果表明:到2010年,工业废水和COD_Cr产生量分别为646×108～658×108和1 575×104～2 031×104 t,二者的排放量将分别介于234×108～301×108和441.1×104～609.2×104 t;“十一五"期间工业废水治理投资和治理费用如不能达到8 000×108元,将面临COD_Cr减排目标不能完成的风险.      

可持续发展与产业结构优化

可持续发展要求产业结构合理化、高度化、形成能够发挥资源禀赋比较优势的产业结构和发展环保产业,但是我国目前存在产业结构不合理、重复建设严重、地区产业结构趋同、产业技术水平低、第三产业发展不足、高新技术产业和环保产业发展滞后等情况,极不利于社会经济的可持续发展。为了真正的实现可持续发展,必须努力调整产业结构,淘汰落后过剩的生产能力,促进产业结构升级,大力发展第三产业、环保产业和高新技术产业。     

伊犁地区农业生态环境与可持续发展—“1515”工程在伊犁地区的实施及生态环

水土资源的开发和生态环境保护是一对矛盾统一体,如何协调发展是当今环保学科的重要课题。本文在论述了伊犁州“1515”工程和伊犁地区生态环境及开发利用现状的基础上,分析预测水土资源开发的影响,并得出了一些基本的可持续发展结论。     

华南东部主要铀矿区居民室内外氡浓度研究

对华南东部6个铀矿区居民室内外空气氡浓度及其变化规律进行了研究。矿区废渣和坑道口释放出来的氡气对周围大气形成了氡污染,特别是在矿区周围0.5～1.5 km的范围内的污染严重。但是空气中的这种氡污染随离矿区的距离增大而迅速减弱。矿区周围居民室内氡的浓度高,是广东省室内氡浓度平均值的10倍左右。在进行调查的190个居室中,有45个(23%)居室室内氡浓度超过美国环境保护局制定的148 Bq/m3室内氡浓度的上限值。居室中氡浓度的升高,除了受矿区释放出来的氡污染外,更主要是因本地区属高本底辐射区,房基下的土壤、岩石和建筑材料中的铀、镭等放射性元素的含量高,其放射性衰变产生的氡释放出来进入室内。      

我国生态工业系统稳定性的结构型因素实证研究

在查阅国内外大量文献的基础上,提出了5个可能影响我国生态工业系统稳定性的结构型因素假设:关键种企业、成员距离、成员相互依赖程度、成员多样性、领导因素.并在全国47个生态工业系统进行统计实证研究加以证实.数据相关分析和回归分析结果表明:强有力的系统内部关键种企业、较少的成员交流障碍、较近的成员空间距离、多样化的成员企业主营业务等4个因素对我国生态工业系统稳定性有显著影响.对我国生态工业系统的发展提出了相应的政府决策建议.      

电气浮含油污水处理工艺工业性试验研究

电解气浮含油污水处理工艺是一种新型的污水处理技术。基于室内试验及现场小试的研究成果,对该技术进行了放大的工业性试验研究,设计了试验流程及装置,取得了阶段性的试验结果。研究结果表明,经电气浮处理后除油率最高可达89%,悬浮固体去除率最高为73%,最低为30%;杀菌率达到99.6%~100%,达到了电气浮除油的要求。电气浮含油污水处理工艺与其他含油污水处理工艺相比,药剂投加量为常规工艺的1/3,运行电耗为0.2 kW.h/m3,总的运行费用约为常规工艺的40%~60%。研究成果为电气浮工艺在石油化工废水处理中的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

湖北省工业污染现状分析

“十五”以来,湖北省工业“三废”排放及污染状况虽有所改善,但前景仍旧不容乐观。本文主要从工业排放物、工业污染源、工业污染趋势、工业污染影响四个方面对湖北省工业污染的现状进行了分析。     

Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution in Rural-Industrial Satna and in Urban-Industrial South Delhi

An air quality sampling program was designed and implemented to collect the baseline concentrations of respirable suspended particulates (RSP = PM₁₀), non-respirable suspended particulates (NRSP) and fine suspended particulates (FSP = PM_2.5). Over a three-week period, a 24-h average concentrations were calculated from the samples collected at an industrial site in Southern Delhi and compared to datasets collected in Satna by Envirotech Limited, Okhla, Delhi in order to establish the characteristic difference in emission patterns. PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and total suspended particulates (TSP) concentrations at Satna were 20.5 ± 6.0, 102.1 ± 41.1, and 387.6 ± 222.4 μg m⁻³ and at Delhi were 126.7 ± 28.6, 268.6 ± 39.1, and 687.7 ± 117.4 μg m⁻³. Values at Delhi were well above the standard limit for 24-h PM_2.5 United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USNAAQS; 65 μg m⁻³), while values at Satna were under the standard limit. Results were compared with various worldwide studies. These comparisons suggest an immediate need for the promulgation of new PM_2.5 standards. The position of PM₁₀ in Delhi is drastic and needs an immediate attention. PM₁₀ levels at Delhi were also well above the standard limit for 24-h PM₁₀ National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS; 150 μg m⁻³), while levels at Satna remained under the standard limit. PM_2.5/PM₁₀ values were also calculated to determine PM_2.5 contribution. At Satna, PM_2.5 contribution to PM₁₀ was only 20% compared to 47% in Delhi. TSP values at Delhi were well above, while TSP values at Satna were under, the standard limit for 24-h TSP NAAQS (500 μg m⁻³). At Satna, the PM₁₀ contribution to TSP was only 26% compared to 39% in Delhi. The correlation between PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and TSP were also calculated in order to gain an insight to their sources. Both in Satna and in Delhi, none of the sources was dominant a varied pattern of emissions was obtained, showing the presence of heterogeneous emission density and that nonrespirable suspended particulate (NRSP) formed the greatest part of the particulate load.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.