生态示范区建设中生态型第三产业发展探讨——以江苏省吴县市、邗江县、邳州

文中分析了在区域城市化水平初级阶段选择以生活服务基础性第三产业,在加速发展阶段选择生产服务性行业,在城市化稳定发展阶段,选择新兴技术服务行业不断升级的产业发展模式。本文以江苏省吴县市、邗江县、邳州市三个不同经济水平的地区为例做了详细分析。     

金坛市饮用水源地保护方案研究

钱资荡是金坛市目前直接饮用水源地,根据环境监测结果,它已处于中营养化后期。借鉴国内外先进的湖泊管理经验,运用系统工程的思想和方法提出了切实可行的金坛市饮用水源地保护方案。该方案由4个工程子系统组成,（1）截污工程：在岸丘桥和南州桥位置各筑一节制闸（而岸丘桥工程又是首选工程）,以封住湖泊两头入流,杜绝污染物进入水源地的截污工程;（2）引水工程：是截污工程的配套工程,利用一游长荡 湖来补充水量,并对3个引水工程设想进行了系统分析,推荐涵管方案,同时将长荡湖作为该市战略水源地一并纳入保护体系中;（3）湿地生态处理工程：对进入荡区前的芦苇区进行综合整治,发展以芦苇为主的湿地生态处理工程;（4）环湖绿色自然保护带工程：包括建设围湖芦苇荡、环湖林带、绿色食品基地以及污泥处置。最后还提出了三级水域保护区范围、水域行政管理体系建设以及工程方案分步实施计划。     

Industrialization, Environment and Health： the Impacts of Industrial SO2 Emission on Public Health in China

In this paper, we construct a model in which the impact of pollution on health is exerted through both direct and indirect channels. The indirect channel is captured by a production function in which the principal health-improving factor, income growth, can be realized only in the cost of pollution increase. This model is then tested by the aggregated chronicle disease data in over 78 Chinese counties. Our results show, after attaining the threshold of 8 μ g/m^2, continuous increase in industrial SO2 emission density will lead the ratio of population suffering chronicle diseases, among which respiratory diseases occupy a significant proportion, to rise. However, owing to technological progress in pollution control activities, the needed SO2 emission to produce one unit of GDP diminishes with time. Therefore, the negative effect from pollution augmentation on public health seems to be recompensed more and more by the positive effect of economic growth.     

Industrialization,Environment and Health: the Impacts of Industrial SO2 Emission on Public Health in China

Abstract

In this paper, we construct a model in which the impact of pollution on health is exerted through both direct and indirect channels. The indirect channel is captured by a production function in which the principal health-improving factor, income growth, can be realized only in the cost of pollution increase. This model is then tested by the aggregated chronicle disease data in over 78 Chinese counties. Our results show, after attaining the threshold of 8 μg/m², continuous increase in industrial SO₂ emission density will lead the ratio of population suffering chronicle diseases, among which respiratory diseases occupy a significant proportion, to rise. However, owing to technological progress in pollution control activities, the needed SO₂ emission to produce one unit of GDP diminishes with time. Therefore, the negative effect from pollution augmentation on public health seems to be recompensed more and more by the positive effect of economic growth.     

Processes for sustainable development using high-intensity electric fields

Intense electric fields up to 10⁷ V/m generate very interesting and useful applications for the environment. Several processes using high electrical voltage for environment preservation were developed in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to review these applications, highlighting their economic and environmental benefits: (1) electrostatic separators of particles used in industrial wastes recycling; (a) role-type electrostatic separator for granular mixtures of plastic–metal particles; (b) free-fall and rotating belt triboelectric separators for mixtures of plastic–plastic particles; (c) plate-type electrostatic separator for mixtures of metal–metal particles, (2) electrostatic precipitators for gas cleaning and (3) ozone generators for air and water treatment.     

Effects of load carriage and work boots on lower limb kinematics of industrial workers

Load and footwear condition are two crucial elements varying the kinematic responses during walking, which probably lead to chronic injury. Fifteen healthy male individuals with no obvious gait abnormalities participated in this study. Apart from a no-load condition, four external load conditions with two load levels were investigated. Work boots were compared with running shoes to determine footwear effects. Significant impacts were found for lower limb range of motion at certain joints when carrying loads. A greater hip and ankle flexion–extension while wearing the work boots indicated that participants needed to lift the leg higher to complete toe clearance off the walking surface. Work boots also increased the vertical excursion of the center of body mass, which may impact body balance and induce falling. No significant influencing pattern of carrying modes was found, which was probably due to the light load and relatively stable mode of shoulder carrying.     

工业企业厂界噪声测量问题探讨

围绕现行的GB12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》在厂界噪声测量中测量指标不明确、方法简单、测点位置未细化等问题,通过对增压站、集输站等进行厂界噪声测量,对存在问题进行分析探讨,提出解决这些问题的方法与改进建议。     

环保型阻垢剂的研究进展

介绍了近年来循环冷却水系统中环保型阻垢剂的研究进展。重点阐述了价廉无污染的淀粉、单宁、木质素、纤维素、壳聚糖和腐植酸钠等天然高分子环保型阻垢剂,以及目前广泛应用的共聚物类的环保型阻垢剂和聚环氧琥珀酸、聚天冬氨酸、S-羧乙基硫代琥珀酸等新型环保型阻垢剂的阻垢性能和环境降解性能,并对这些阻垢剂的应用现状进行了阐述。而改性和复配是环保型阻垢剂的发展趋势。     

TCLP法评价钢铁工业区周边土壤重金属生态环境风险

采用土壤随机布点法,采集某钢铁工业区周边34个土壤样品,利用美国TCLP法对钢铁工业区周边土壤重金属（Cu、 Zn、 Pb、 Cd）有效态进行实验分析和生态风险评价。结果表明, Cu、 Zn、 Pb、 Cd有效态含量分别在0.87~57.7 mg/kg、5.20~1338 mg/kg、1.09~379 mg/kg、1.15×10-3~69.9×10-3 mg/kg之间,钢铁工业区土壤不同程度地受到重金属的污染,其中以Zn污染最为严重。内梅罗污染指数评价中,处于安全水平的点位仅占17.6%,受到污染的点位占55.9%。其中,轻污染占20.6%,中污染占2.9%,重污染占32.4%。     

上海市典型工业用地土壤和地下水重金属复合污染特征及生态风险评价

针对上海市3类典型工业用地（化工、金属加工和危废治理）土壤和地下水中有毒有害6种重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和Ni）的污染程度、分布特征和生态风险效应开展了分析和评价.结果表明,3类工业用地30个潜在污染区域土壤和地下水均受到重金属污染,Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和Ni在表层土壤中存在明显累积,As、Cr、Pb和Ni在地下水中存在明显累积,土壤中重金属含量和变异系数随着垂直深度的加深而逐渐降低,表明受人类活动扰动影响趋小.不同重金属污染来源不同,土壤中Cr和Hg主要来源于金属加工和危废治理业,Cd、Pb和Ni在3个行业土壤中均有累积;地下水中As主要来源于化工和危废治理行业,Cr主要来源于金属加工行业,Ni主要来源于金属加工和危废治理行业,Pb在3个行业地下水中均有累积.金属加工行业土壤和地下水内梅罗综合污染指数最高,重金属Cr、Pb和Ni存在明显的水土复合污染现象,可能与土壤重金属含量、迁移性和企业管理水平有密切关系.土壤和地下水重金属潜在生态风险处于轻度~中度范围,土壤中重金属Hg和Cd的潜在生态风险水平较高,主要受重金属毒性影响,地下水中重金属Ni的潜在生态风险水平较高,主要受重金属含量影响.