基准氧含量在大气固定源污染物排放标准中的应用与启示

基准氧含量是大气固定源污染物排放标准中的一项重要指标,直接影响着对污染物排放浓度的达标判断。收集整理了近年来国家和地方制修订的主要大气固定源污染物排放标准,深入分析了基准氧含量指标在标准中的优化调整情况、实际应用效果及制修订背景和作用。针对基准氧含量在标准应用中仍存在着行业符合性划分不细致、适用条件不明确等问题,提出了以生产工艺和生产设施为基础,科学合理规定基准氧含量的建议。     

包头铝业生态工业园区产品代谢研究

在生态工业建设理论方法研究上进行一次有益的尝试,首先从产品代谢的角度比较分析了包头(铝业)生态工业园规划前后的产业链组织形式,然后在此基础上分析了规划后的工业共生机制和生态工业网络,并对包头(铝业)生态工业园的特点进行了总结。     

A material and energy flow model for co-production of heat and power

Co-production of electricity, district heat and industrial heat/process steam (heat and power, CHP) has been applied to a large, national scale, in only a few countries in the world, Denmark, The Netherlands and Finland. In this production method, the waste energy from electricity production is used in two quality levels. First, industrial process steam requirements can be met with this residual energy. Second, the waste energy is used in local district heating networks for households and other buildings in a city. In this integrated production method, a total fuel efficiency of 85% can be achieved. Through the technique of fluidized bed combustion, modern CHP plants can use coal and oil, and in addition, heterogeneous fuels such as biomass, industrial wastes and recycled fuels from households. In this paper, the CHP method is considered in terms of four categories of material and energy flows. For the purpose of considering the potential environmental gains and the difficulties of this production method when applied to integrated waste management and energy production, the four suggested categories are: matter (biomass) (1), nutrients (2), energy (3) and carbon (4). Corporate environmental management inventory tools, decision-making tools, management, organisational and administrative tools as well as information management tools that could be used in CHP-related material and energy flow management are shortly discussed. It is argued that for CHP energy and environmental management, it can be important to adopt an approach to networks of firms, rather than to an individual firm. The presented material and energy flow model may contribute to assessing, planning and implementing of CHP-based waste management and cleaner energy production.     

Distribution patterns of lead in urban soil and dust in Shenyang city, Northeast China

We investigated the spatial distribution of Pb in soil and dust samples collected from 54 sites in Shenyang city, Liaoning province, Northeast China. Soil background Pb concentration was 22 mg kg⁻¹ and control values from non-industrial areas were 33 mg kg⁻¹ for soil and 38 mg kg⁻¹ for dust. Soil Pb concentrations varied widely, ranging from 26 to 2911 mg kg⁻¹, with a mean concentration of 200 mg kg⁻¹, 9 times the background value and 6 times the control value. There was great variation in soil Pb, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.06 and a standard deviation (SD) of 212 mg kg⁻¹. Dust Pb concentrations fluctuated from 20 to 2810 mg kg⁻¹, with a mean value of 220 mg kg⁻¹, almost 6 times the control value. No significant differences in distribution were observed between soil Pb and dust Pb. The highest Pb concentration was observed in Tiexi district in an industrial area. Soil Pb concentration decreased with depth and with distance from the pollution source. Lead concentrations initially changed little but then decreased with distance from the roadside, and were generally higher on the east side of roads than on the west. Lead contents in different categories of urban area differed substantially with dust and soil Pb concentrations decreasing in the sequence: industrial >business >mixed (residential, culture and education)> reference areas.     

优势菌处理高浓度苯胺工业废水的研究

本文叙述了从自然界分离选育出能降解苯胺的优势菌种，经人工驯化，构建出具有高效降解性能的微生物体系的试验过程，研究确立了优势菌———活性污泥组合技术工艺，并成功地将其用于含苯胺类工业废水的处理。     

超滤技术在水处理中的应用研究

本文介绍了超滤技术和胶团强化超滤新技术,重点对超滤膜在饮用水净化、海水淡化、城市污水处理与中水回用和工业废水处理中的应用进展进行了分析,同时分析了超滤膜的发展趋势和研究方向。     

贵州煤炭资源富集区循环经济工业园建设模式研究

采用对比分析法、归纳分析法、实地调查法等研究方法,通过实地调查贵州省煤炭资源富集区的煤炭资源开采现状、园区建设现状等,对贵州省煤炭资源富集区发展循环经济进行了研究.循环经济工业园区内企业生产物流流程严格按照“减量化”原则规划设计,构建基于小循环的工业园建设模式.通过生产流程合理规划设计、排污权交易、园区企业规划设计,构建基于中循环的工业园建设模式.循环经济工业园区与外界的物质交流,开拓园区企业生产的清洁产品的市场,构建基于大循环的工业园建设模式.     

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物分布特征

根据长江口和杭州湾北部沉积物粒度分析数据，研究表层沉积物类型、分布以及分区特征。结果表明：沉积物的分布特征受水动力条件、地貌类型以及泥沙来源等因素的综合影响，长江口表层沉积物在纵向分布上，自西向东粒径从粗到细、分选程度从好至差，在横向上自北港－北槽－南槽，沉积物粒度逐渐变细；水流动力作用强的河槽和波浪作用强的口门浅滩沉积物粒度较粗，水动力较弱的河口边滩及口外海滨区沉积物则较细。根据沉积物分布特征可将长江口及其邻近海域分为河口分汊河段沉积区、河口拦门沙沉积区、口外海滨沉积区和杭州湾北部沉积区等4个沉积区。     

贵州开阳磷矿洋水矿区环境地质问题分析

由于开磷矿区地处山区,矿区自然地质条件较差,地表切割强烈,沟谷纵横,加之建矿几十年的矿山开采, 尤其是近十几年来个别乡镇企业对矿山掠夺性开采,矿区引发了一系列的环境地质问题,如山体崩塌,水土大量流失、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,本文通过对开阳磷矿洋水矿区环境地质问题及主要成因进行分析,提出因地制宜地采取有效措施控制、防止不良地质现象和地质作用的发生发展,合理地利用环境资源,加快对人为破坏活动的治理,稳步恢复区域生态系统的良性循环,以达到生态的最佳效益。     

我国工业锅炉的爆炸事故与预防对策

工业锅炉既是应用广泛、分布面广的常见设备，又是近年来特别容易发生爆炸事故的特殊设备。分折了工业锅炉的爆炸机理和产生爆炸的原因，着重就加强对锅炉的监察，加大对“土锅炉”的查处力度，减少因设计、制造缺陷造成的事故；推进技术进步，提高锅炉安全性等能有效遏制锅炉爆炸事故的措施，从理论和实践等方面作了论述。