Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems, a Dutch experience

This article opens briefly with the recent discussions about the effectiveness of pollution prevention. As pollution prevention and cleaner production are important elements of industrial ecology, the different definitions and approaches of industrial ecology as a term also need clarity. The major part of this article reflects the first results of the cleaner production and industrial ecology concepts, applied in an industrial ecosystem project (INES) in the Rotterdam harbour area. In this industrial area with many refineries and (petro)chemical facilities, the possibilities for companies to reuse waste streams, by-products and energy from each other was researched. The project was initiated by an industrial association. Sixty-nine members of the industrial association joined the INES project and provided confidential information about their resources, products and waste streams to the research team. Based on this information, 15 projects were designed. The selected three projects for further feasibility studies showed the potency to reduce the use of energy, water and bio sludge significantly.     

The pathway to a sustainable industrial society – initiative of the Research Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) at Osaka University

While it is widely known that sustainable development is the only sound and viable pathway for humankind’s future, its attainment remains elusive despite intensive efforts and some successes. The current industrial society approach based on product and process innovation in a variety of fields is not providing the expected results in addressing this important issue. In an attempt to carry out this unavoidable task, Osaka University’s Research Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) introduces an integral and dynamic innovation system where technology plays a key role in fulfilling societal functions. This innovation system adopts a highly solution-driven approach that makes use of backcasting techniques based on long-term visions and mid-term strategic goals. Since technology management is the key to propelling effective innovation towards sustainability, we propose a technology transition management through the interaction of technology push, demand pull and institutional design, along with eight transition principles. RISS will develop this innovation system based on these three components and through the design of dynamic scenarios and their roadmaps.     

Double dividend of carbon intensity: environmental-quality improvement and sustainable economic growth

This paper established an equilibrium model including representative household, government, and eight industries, and two different environmental policy tools such as carbon intensity and carbon cap were added into the model. The paper points out that the carbon intensity policy imposed on major high-emission industries achieved double dividend of environmental-quality improvement and sustainable economic growth under the condition of proper constraint target. This result supports the environmental Porter hypothesis. This paper finds out that the double dividend is due to the fact that environmental governance policy leads to the rising price of resources and demand of labors, resulting in an effective redistribution of production factors among industries and sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, this paper estimates the marginal effect of economic structure on carbon emission and carbon intensity and provides targeted suggestions.     

BDD电极处理高浓度二硝基重氮酚废水研究

采用金刚石薄膜(BDD)电极电化学降解高浓度的二硝基重氮酚废水,在实验过程中,对BDD电极处理高浓度二硝基重氮酚废水的处理,考察了电流密度、电解质的种类和浓度对处理效果的影响。结果表明:BDD电极降解二硝基重氮酚废水中的有机类物质有明显效果。在电流密度为20 mA/cm2时,电解效果明显,电流效率高;使用KCl为电解质时,电解效果显著,并且对电极寿命无影响;当电解质KCl质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,电解效果最优。     

重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制分析及对策研究

通过对重庆市2008年-2012年连续5年大宗一般工业固体废物的产生、利用和处置现状进行统计分析,指出了重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制中存在的问题.针对重庆市大宗一般工业固体废物产生特征、综合利用现状以及环境管理需求,从推动企业清洁生产审核、开展工业共生项目、综合整治现存污染源、强化环境管理等方面,提出大宗一般工业固体废物污染控制对策和建议,为重庆市工业固体废物的全过程环境管理提供参考.     

崇川区生态城市建设研究

党的十八大报告把生态文明建设摆到了总体布局的高度,首次提出“美丽中国”的宏伟目标.基于对崇川区生态环境的现状分析,结合城市化进程与崇川区情,提出了建设生态城市是崇川区城市发展的必然选择.介绍了生态城市的内涵,提出了“天蓝、地绿、水清、人和”是崇川生态城市建设的目标,并围绕这一目标,总结了崇川区生态城市建设多年来取得的成绩和经验,揭示了存在的问题和矛盾,分析制约因素,探讨了崇川区生态城市建设的对策与措施.     

资源/环境效率分析在区域产业发展规划环境影响评价中的应用——以某区域能源开发利用规划环评为例

对于工业发展规划环评,其重要内容之一在于分别论述规划的产业结构、规模、布局的环境合理性,从而筛选出最优规划方案或对规划方案提出合理的调整建议。资源/环境效率分析是对区域资源承载力、环境容量及经济发展指标的有效结合。本文介绍了该方法的概念、工作程序、应用实例、应用注意事项及局限性。该方法能够评价规划产业结构在既定经济目标前提下的环境可行性,同时,对于环境不可行的规划产业结构,该方法能提出合理的调整建议。     

生态文明视角下江苏省生态工业园区建设及区域差异分析研究

建设生态文明是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计,坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策。着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展,形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式。生态工业园区是解决经济社会发展与资源、环境之间矛盾,建设生态文明的重要实践形式。分析了江苏省生态工业园区建设现状、区域分布及差异特征,并从生态文明建设视角分析了生态工业园区建设过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的措施和建议。     

污染源自动监测运行中常见问题探讨

以上海市嘉定区污染源在线监测为例,对污染源自动监测运行中常见的仪器运行稳定性差,监测数据准确度低,故障修复不及时等问题进行分析,从管理、技术、沟通三个方面提出对策和建议。     

工艺过程源和溶剂使用源挥发性有机物排放成分谱研究进展

工艺过程源和溶剂使用源是我国大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)最主要的工业来源,近年来源成分谱的研究逐步受到重视.本文总结梳理了2000年以来国内外有关工艺过程源和溶剂使用源排放VOCs特征的相关研究,对比分析了不同研究结果的差异,结合不同研究的对象和方法,探讨了影响溶剂使用和工艺过程源排放成分谱研究的主要影响因素.结果表明,工艺过程源下分的32个三级子类(参照国家《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南》源分类方法)中,有相关研究报道的包括八类;溶剂使用源下分的10个三级子类中,有相关研究报道的包括四类.总体而言,细化的行业研究种类比较少,不同行业排放VOCs组成差异大,可比性较差.污染源采集测试方法对同一行业源排放成分谱研究结果有较大影响.此外,成分谱中VOCs物质名录的不统一也不利于不同研究结果的比较;含氧VOCs是上述两类污染源排放的重要组分,需要纳入测量范围.未来,有必要建立开放交互式的工艺过程源和溶剂使用源排放VOCs成分谱库平台,鼓励并形成不同研究结果的共享及录入机制;并建立相关研究成果数据入库规范,包括研究的对象、方法、地区、时段以及样本量等详细信息,以便开展不同VOCs源成分谱不确定性评判.