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61.
The production of large quantities of wastes globally has created a commercial activity involving the transfrontier shipments
of hazardous wastes, intended to be managed at economically attractive waste-handling facilities located elsewhere. In fact,
huge quantities of hazardous wastes apparently travel the world in search of “acceptable” waste management facilities. For
instance, within the industrialized countries alone, millions of tonnes of potentially hazardous waste cross national frontiers
each year on their way for recycling or to treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) because there is no local disposal
capacity for these wastes, or because legal disposal or reuse in a foreign country may be more environmentally sound, or managing
the wastes in the foreign country may be less expensive than at home. The cross-boundary traffic in hazardous wastes has lately
been under close public scrutiny, however, resulting in the accession of several international agreements and laws to regulate
such activities. This paper discusses and analyzes the most significant control measures and major agreements in this new
commercial activity involving hazardous wastes. In particular, the discussion recognizes the difficulties with trying to implement
the relevant international agreements among countries of vastly different socioeconomic backgrounds. Nonetheless, it is also
noted that global environmental agreements will generally be a necessary component of ensuring adequate environmental protection
for the world community—and thus a need for the careful implementation of such agreements and regulations. 相似文献
62.
63.
我国城市生活垃圾的处理和发展趋势 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
城市生活垃圾给城市环境造成了严重污染,威胁了城市居民的生存环境和经济、社会的可持续发展。目前,国内采取的垃圾处理技术主要有卫生填埋、焚烧、堆肥等,热解技术由于具有资源回收率高、二次污染小、综合效益好等优点,越来越适合我国中小城市的垃圾处理。垃圾气化技术的研究成为当今世界的热点。此外,我国对垃圾衍生燃料的研究也刚刚起步。为促进城市持续、稳定的发展,提出了垃圾分类收集、分拣、综合利用垃圾处理技术的措施。 相似文献
64.
65.
Indicators and indices are important tools that assist decision makers to formulate and implement plans for management at local, national and international levels. Four indicators for hazardous waste management are described that have recently been adopted within the United Nations framework of Indicators of Sustainable Development. Although these four indicators will be useful tools, the need for a broader range of policy-relevant qualitative and quantitative indicators, proxy indicators and indices is outlined. The argument is advanced that in order for all nations to better manage the range of hazardous waste issues, including waste generation, export/import and disposal, a set of innovative indicators and indices is required. Useful indicators and indices are described that could be used to link and quantify likely environmental, ecosystem and health impacts and risks especially from hazardous waste disposal. Indicators are also suggested that could be used to illustrate the shift in industrial strategy away from end-of-pipe processes towards waste recycling, cleaner production and integrated life-cycle analysis. It was concluded that until the lack of reliable and harmonized data on hazardous waste is addressed, indicator development and use by national and international decision makers cannot readily be implemented. 相似文献
66.
67.
68.
我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年发展综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国环保产业》2014,(12):10-16
综述了我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年的发展环境形势和发展概况;介绍了2013年国内工业固体、危险废物及生活垃圾的产生量和处理情况;阐述并分析了目前国内固体废物处理技术和设施的现状;就行业发展存在的主要问题提出了建议. 相似文献
69.
70.
指数平滑法是常用的一种时间序列预测方法,但用于环境预测的先例则较少。本文以南通市1981-1990年工业三废排放量时间序列为例,简要介绍了该法的原理以及平滑计算、建模、预测和精度分析的过程,并对其在环境预测中的应用效果进行了探讨,结果表明,该法与目前环境预测中常用的回归法相比,具有数据来源较易,不需要特殊分布,计算简单,精度较高等明显的优点,充分显示出该法在环境预测中应用的可行性。 相似文献