住宅建筑污染物排放量及排污费的计算方法

本文阐述了利用各种原辅材料使用量和排放系数的物料衡算方法，计算和收取排污费，可基本解决建筑行业在施工中污染物无规律排放问题，对该行业造成的环境污染会有所抑制．     

德国发展环境保护的举措与实效

德国政府在改善生态环境，治理环境污染方面采取了一系列行之有效的措施。通过对大气、水源、噪声、废物等污染源的治理，改善了人们的生存环境；行政手段与经济手段并举，加快了产业结构的调整和能源结构的升级，为德国社会和经济的可持续发展奠定了基础。     

徐州市环保产业的发展现状及对策研究

近几年来，徐州市经济发展迅速，但环保产业发展相对滞后，文章分析了徐州市环保产业的发展现状和存在的问题，提出了相应的解决措施，希望能够对徐州市环保产业的发展起到一定的促进作用。     

The measurement of corporate environmental performance and its application to the analysis of efficiency in oil industry

This paper addresses a measurement of corporate environmental performance, and its application to the analysis of efficiency in the petroleum firms. In order to measure firms' environmental performance, we suggest a framework called “Gscore” that consists of five categories, namely general environmental management (GEM), input, process, output, and outcome. Gscore is a proxy measure of corporate environmental performance based on voluntary environment, health, and safety (EHS) report and is calculated by aggregating the points of the above five-categories. We apply our measurement framework to the data of 39 firms' voluntary EHS reports which are available on the internet. Ten of them, on which efficiency analysis was conducted with Gscore, assets, employee, and profits, are in petroleum and refining industry. According to our results: (1) a gap is found between rhetoric and practical environmental management stemming from calculating the relation between GEM and data part in 39 EHS reports. (2) On the whole, EHS reports of petroleum firms have something in common, but there are significant differences in the type and amounts of disclosed data among the EHS reports. (3) From the results of efficiency analysis, it is found that the number of employee exerts a considerable influence on determining the relative efficiency of petroleum firms, then Gscore, profits, and assets in sequence. Furthermore, Exxon, Ashland, Phillips Petroleum, and ARCO are shown to be efficient among 10 petroleum firms.     

星云湖、杞麓湖磷污染来源比较

通过对星云湖、杞麓湖水体磷含量变化情况、流域产业结构和磷入湖途径的比较分析,认为近年来星云湖水体磷含量水平的大幅提高,使星云湖水质由Ⅲ类在大约5a的时间里下降为V类、劣V类,与星云湖流域及周边磷化工产业的快速发展息息相关。而杞麓湖由于流域内无磷矿资源也没有大的磷化工产业,其磷含量水平得于稳定。     

京津冀适水型工业结构调整研究

京津冀地区是我国工业发展的核心区域之一 ,大耗水型的重化工结构突出 ,长期发展造成了地区水资源供需的尖锐矛盾 ,并导致了严重的区域环境问题。论文提出了以水资源高效利用为引导机制 ,调整工业结构,建立适水型工业体系是此地区工业发展的必然选择的观点 ;阐述了优化城市工业结构,发展清洁生产,建立滨海产业的建议与措施     

PRIMA: a Dutch initiative for environmental improvement of retail assortments

Cleaner production (CP) working methods should facilitate the search for feasible CP options and contribute to their on-going implementation in a company. Over the past decade, numerous working methods have been developed in order to cater for specific segments of industry. This paper describes, compares and analyses the core components of six Dutch working methods to develop a framework for CP methodologies, to draft guidelines for the selection of an appropriate working method for a certain industry, and to identify areas which require additional methodology development. A division is proposed between four types of CP working methods: indicators, scan, pre-assessment and assessment. Each of these has its strengths and weaknesses, which calls for a careful selection of the working method, which in turn could be based on size of the company, material- and energy-intensity of the production, and complexity of the production processes. This comparative evaluation further proves that the working methods are still weak in stimulating the corporate transition process from ‘end-ofpipe’ to CP thinking and acting. It is tentatively concluded that an ‘assessment’ is superior in identifying comparatively radical environmental improvements (‘innovations’) as well as in fostering the integration of CP into the daily operation and management of a company. The use of simplified working methods in selected industries, is, however, justified given their ability to contribute to the implementation of relatively obvious CP options.     

焦炭产业生态化建设研究——以孝义焦炭产业为例

孝义市焦炭产业在规模不断壮大的同时,面临着严重的资源浪费和环境污染问题.本文应用代谢分析方法对产业链中主要元素碳和元素硫进行代谢分析,找出元素代谢关键环节,为焦炭产业生态链设计提供依据.在此基础上,依据循环经济理念和工业生态理论构建出孝义焦炭产业生态工业网络体系,指明孝义焦炭产业未来发展方向.     

化工类建设项目布局选址的思考

化工行业是一个环境风险比较大的行业,由于化工企业经营内容、生产工艺、使用的原材料不同,潜在的环境风险也有很大的差异.为了区别对待合理选址,对化工类项目可能产生的环境风险后果进行环境风险评价与分类,再结合周围环境对环境风险的承载能力进行综合分析,根据环境优先的原则,可以合理的确定化工类项目的选址.     

Underestimated contribution of fugitive emission to VOCs in pharmaceutical industry based on pollution characteristics, odorous activity and health risk assessment

Fugitive emission has been becoming an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in pharmaceutical industry, but the exact contribution of fugitive emission remains incompletely understood. In present study, pollution characteristics, odorous activity and health risk of stack and fugitive emissions of VOCs from four functional units (e.g., workshop, sewage treatment station, raw material storage and hazardous waste storage) of three representative pharmaceutical factories were investigated. Workshop was the dominant contributor to VOCs of fugitive emission in comparison with other functional units. Extreme high concentration of VOCs from fugitive emission in unsealed workshop (94.87 mg/m³) was observed relative to sealed one (1.18 mg/m³), accounting for 31% and 5% of total VOCs, respectively. Fugitive emission of VOCs in the unsealed workshop mainly consisted of n-hexane, 1-hexene and dichloromethane. Odorous activity indexes and non-cancer hazard ratios of these VOCs from fugitive emission in the unsealed workshop were as high as that from stack exhaust. Furthermore, cancer risk of dichloromethane from fugitive emission and stack exhaust was up to (1.6-1.8) × 10⁻⁵. Odorous activity or health risk index of the VOCs from fugitive emission was up to 13 or 11 times of the corresponding threshold value, posing remarkable health threat on pharmaceutical workers. Our findings highlighted the possibly underestimated contribution of fugitive emission on VOCs in the pharmaceutical industry.