莲花湖库区落叶松水源涵养林土壤入渗性能的空间分布特征

以莲花湖库区落叶松水源涵养林为研究对象,由入渗速率拟合入渗模型,运用地统计学理论与方法对模型参数进行空间异质性分析。结果表明:采用Philip公式对入渗过程进行数学模拟最佳,模型参数吸渗率和稳渗率均服从对数正态分布,空间相关性强,结构比分别为0.867、0.759,变程分别为29.13 m、6.16 m,分维数分别为1.786、1.970。两者块金值都很小,小尺度内非连续性变异不明显,空间分布格局相类似,空间自相关范围内呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数R为0.48。二者相比,吸渗率空间自相关尺度大,空间分布较简单;稳渗率均一性差,空间分布复杂,破碎化程度高。     

两种土地处理污水方法比较

文章对我局建设并投入运行管理的人工湿地工程和人工快渗工程进行统计分析,对这两种土地污水处理法从工艺特点、建设的主要经济指标、运行成本和投入产出比、实际运行效果等方面进行对比,总结出各自的优缺点,以期能对今后建设同类型的项目有所启示。     

浅析土壤渗滤技术在再生水处理中的应用

从再生水常用处理技术入手,重点介绍了土壤渗滤处理技术,并将土壤渗滤技术与其他处理技术进行比较,指出土壤渗滤技术的优势及存在的问题,对土壤渗滤技术在再生水处理中的应用进行了展望。     

土壤介质对地下渗滤系统去除污染物的影响

通过对比不同土壤介质对地下渗滤系统去除污染物的影响,结果表明,粘土易造成土壤堵塞,不适于地下渗滤系统,可通过掺砂和有机物加以调整;砂土具有较高的通气透水性,对有机物、氨氮去除有利但对总氮和总磷去除不利,可通过分层布置(如上砂下壤)加以调整;壤土去除污染物性能最佳,最适宜于地下渗滤系统。     

三级串联人工快渗系统处理高氨氮生活污水

以校园学生生活区高氨氮生活污水为研究对象,采用三级串联人工快渗系统研究其对污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明：三级串联人工快渗系统对COD、氨氮去除率较常规人工快渗系统分别提高了6%、3%,出水均满足GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》一级A标准。总氮去除率提高了20%。C/N较低是影响提高总氮去除...     

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system was studied. System A was filled with loamy soil and system B was filled with mixed soil of 75% red clay with 25% cinder. Both systems were fed with sewage at the same hydraulic loading of 2 cm/d at continuous operation mode. The same excellent removal performances of COD and T-P could be achieved in both infiltration systems with removal rates about 85% and 98%, respectively. In system A, NH4^ -N removal rate was as high as 96.5% and T-N removal rate was relatively much lower as 55.7%. And in system B, NH4^ -N removal rate was as low as 75.4% and T-N removal rate was relatively much higher as 75.5 %. The difference was attributed to different soil oxidation-reduction condition that was greatly influenced by soil texture in subsurface infiltration system. Loamy soil led to oxidative condition that was favorable to nitrification and disadvantageous to denitrification. The results were just adverse to the system filled with clay. Intermittent operation was adopted to improve nitrogen removal in system B. NH4^ -N removal rate could be increased to about 95% and T-N removal rate could be increased to about 90% at intermittent operation mode in system B. Analysis of nitrogen removal mechanisms indicated that nitrification-denitrification was the primary nitrogen removal path in subsurface infiltration system and crop uptake was another important nitrogen removal way, It was the key to improve the total N removal performance that a suitable packing soil was available to present favorable oxidation-reduction condition for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

农村生活污水土地处理技术

本文陈述了我国农村生活污水的特点和污水土地处理技术的研究及应用现状,认为污水土屯处理技术处理农村生活污水是可行的,对BOD,COD,氨氮,总氮和总磷有着较高的去除率,并且投资省、运行费用低、管理简单、维护方便、出水可回用,有净化污水、美化绿化环境和节约水资源的综合效果。     

Reducing non-point source pollution with enhancing infiltration

The rainfall system was set up on a slope land, which was used with some materials to enhance soil infiltration. The results showed that it was effective to enhance the infiltration of rainwater in soil and reduce the pollutants of surface runoff. After the soil meliorated by the lignin polymer and zeolite, runoff was delayed about 10 min and reduced by 44.40%--50.00%, synchronously, the pollutant loads, such as total suspended solids （TSS）, chemical oxygen demand by ditromate （CODCr）, total nitroger （TN） and total phosphorus （TP）, were reduced on averages by 44.58%, 37.80%, 51.62% and 44.11%, respectively. It is an available technique to control the pollution of non-point source from sources.     

Interaction effect of micro- and macro-organic on the biogeochemical function of the sediment and aquatic interface

Constructed stormwater infiltration basins have been broad applied in urban areas in terms of stormwater disposal and compensation of reduced groundwater recharge. However, stormwater derived from sediments accumulating in infiltration beds may act as a source of dissolved contaminants for groundwater. Concentrations of DO, NO3-N, NO2^--N, NH4^＋-N and PO4^3--P were monitored at multiple depth with time. The results showed that the occurrence of denitrificarion was restrained by sediments in term of no invertebrates. Under the conditions of invertebrates inoculated, the concentrations of DO, NO^3--N, NO2^＋-N, NH4^＋-N and PO4^3＋-P varied respectively with time and the occurrence of nitrification and mobilizing nitrate in the sediment. It is concluded that there exist the invertebrate activities such as building tubes and galleries and excreting faecal pellet which may increase water dispersion and enhance accessibility of nutrient, and stimulate microbial process effected in the sediment. Besides, the natural death and rot of worms were also found to be important factors of the invertebrate activities.     

Groundwater Quality Monitoring in Shallow and Deep Aquifers in Saidabad Tahsil Area, Mathura District, India

Water availability in arid regions is both sporadic and highly variable in quantity. If the water quality shows large variations of salinity and concentration of other chemical constituents with depth and time span, it has considerable effect on the entire hydrological set up of the area. In the Saidabad tahsil area, the deep aquifers that supply water to borewells in the alluvial plain of the Mathura region, Uttar Pradesh, have higher salinity than those of the dugwells from the shallow aquifers. The excessive drilling of tubewells and high yield tubewells are resulting in deterioration of water quality of the shallow aquifers. On the contrary, the chemical constituents such as, Na⁺, K ⁺, Cl ^-, andHCO ₃ ^- show higher concentration in shallow aquifers than deep aquifers. A study carried out to monitor water quality in this region reveals that the groundwater quality varies with depth and time span in shallow and deep aquifers. Factors controlling variations in salinity and concentration of chemical constituents of the water in the two types of aquifers are discussed. The relative merits of the shallow water for potability are pointed out with respect to salinity concentrations and public health.