不同入口位置的行人进入流实验研究

为了研究行人进入流运动规律,寻找合理的入口位置,对不同入口位置(中间、右侧)进行了不同人数(10人、20人、30人、40人)的可控实验。分析了行人进入流的时间、速度和空间分布,并统计了空间分布影响因素——入口避让、边界吸引、分布角度和空间关系的规律。结果表明,入口位于中间的设计更好,进入时间和稳定时间较短,速度更快,空间分布更合理。这些影响因素的统计,也为行人进入流的模型建立提供了实验基础。     

人工鱼群神经网络应用于城市污水处理厂进水量预测研究

城市污水处理厂进水量的预测精度对污水厂的安全运行与科学管理具有重要影响。将人工鱼群算法用于神经网络的训练过程,并根据污水厂进水量的变化特性,考虑其周期性及气温、天气和节假日等影响因素,建立人工鱼群神经网络的预测模型。将人工鱼群神经网络预测模型应用到实际中,研究结果表明人工鱼群神经网络具有预测精度高、误差小的优点,在污水管网监测预警及实现管网与水厂联动等方面具有一定的实际意义。     

A Model for Predicting Daily Peak Visitation and Implications for Recreation Management and Water Quality: Evidence from Two Rivers in Puerto Rico

Visitor use surveys and water quality data indicates that high visitor use levels of two rivers in Puerto Rico does not appear to adversely affect several water quality parameters. Optimum visitor use to maximize visitor defined satisfaction is a more constraining limit on visitor use than water quality. Our multiple regression analysis suggests that visitor use of about 150 visitors per day yields the highest level of visitor reported satisfaction, a level that does not appear to affect turbidity of the river. This high level of visitor use may be related to the gregarious nature of Puerto Ricans and their tolerance for crowding on this densely populated island. The daily peak visitation model indicates that regulating the number of parking spaces may be the most effective way to keep visitor use within the social carrying capacity.     

FLOW DURATION CURVES II: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: A streamflow duration curve illustrates the relationship between the frequency and magnitude of streamflow. Flow duration curves have a long history in the field of water-resource engineering and have been used to solve problems in water-quality management, hydropower, instream flow methodologies, water-use planning, flood control, and river and reservoir sedimentation, and for scientific comparisons of streamflow characteristics across watersheds. This paper reviews traditional applications and provides extensions to some new applications, including water allocation, wasteload allocation, river and wetland inundation mapping, and the economic selection of a water-resource project.     

罗源湾海水中粪大肠菌群的来源及空间分布

2002年1月到2005年12月通过多种方式对罗源湾海水中的FCB(粪大肠菌群)数量、来源及空间分布进行了调查.结果表明:湾内主要水域FCB的数量在<0.02～≥24 /mL之间,入海河流、沿岸居民的生活和农业生产活动以及海上网箱养殖是罗源湾海水中FCB的主要来源,其中湾内主要的入海河流FCB超标严重,入海河流是罗源湾内FCB污染的最主要来源.罗源湾内 FCB空间分布与盐度呈负相关(R2=0.84),空间分布表现为,西高东低、内腹海区高于湾口,近岸海区高于湾中央海区,表层高于底层,网箱养殖区高于非网箱养殖区,松山垦区由于受到河流入海的影响成为罗源湾内污染最严重的海区.     

城市污水管道入流入渗监测技术研究与应用进展

入流和入渗(inflow and infiltration)会导致管道中水量超过设计水量,是导致污水管道溢流的主要原因。由于管道埋藏于地下,入流和入渗时间和位置随机性强,难于及时发现入流和入渗的位置和原因。目前国外的排水研究和管理人员利用在线监测技术获取了大量的监测数据,分析水量变化规律,并利用烟道测试等检测手段寻找入流入渗源。对排水管道入流入渗的监测和数据分析技术及在实际管理中的应用手段进行了综述,并以国内某城市实际监测数据为例进行入流入渗的分析,可为国内排水管网监控管理提供借鉴。     

A Comparison of Statistical Approaches for Predicting Stream Temperatures Across Heterogeneous Landscapes1

Abstract: Estimating stream temperatures across broad spatial extents is important for regional conservation of running waters. Although statistical models can be useful in this endeavor, little information exists to aid in the selection of a particular statistical approach. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of ordinary least‐squares multiple linear regression, generalized additive modeling, ordinary kriging, and linear mixed modeling (LMM) using July mean stream temperatures in Michigan and Wisconsin. Although LMM using low‐rank thin‐plate smoothing splines to measure the spatial autocorrelation in stream temperatures was the most accurate modeling approach; overall, there were only slight differences in prediction accuracy among the evaluated approaches. This suggests that managers and researchers can select a stream temperature modeling approach that meets their level of expertise without sacrificing substantial amounts of prediction accuracy. The most accurate models for Michigan and Wisconsin had root mean square errors of 2.0‐2.3°C, suggesting that only relatively coarse predictions can be produced from landscape‐based statistical models at regional scales. Explaining substantially more variability in stream temperatures likely will require the collection of finer‐scale hydrologic and physiographic data, which may be cost prohibitive for monitoring and assessing stream temperatures at regional scales.     

滇东南矿区河流底泥重金属污染潜在生态风险评价

根据滇东南矿区河流底泥重金属数据，应用HANKANSON潜在生态危害指数法对重金属的潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明：①该地区河流底泥中产生生态危害的主要重金属是cd和As；②从上游到下游A—G7个断面多重金属潜在生态风险指数（RI）从小到大排列依次为：A〈D〈B〈F〈E〈G〈C；（爹该河流重金属污染属于很强生态危害。     

廊坊市河流水质污染特征分析

根据廊坊市2001年～2008年地表水环境质量监测数据,论述了廊坊河流水质状况及其污染特征,指出廊坊河流水质为劣Ⅴ类,河流水质污染较重,基本属有机污染类型;河流水污染恶化趋势基本得到遏制,水体总体污染有所减轻。在此基础上,分析河流污染的原因,并提出改善河流污染的对策与措施。