原生动物生物指数在福州市内河水质评价中的运用

利用已建立的原生动物种类污染值SPV，结合化学指标计算原生动物群落污染值CPV，并与水质化学综合污染指数Pb的自然对数进行相关性分析。结果表明该指数也适用于城区内河水体．     

城市内河环境综合整治工程环境影响评价探讨

以南宁市竹排冲环境综合整治工程为例，探讨此类建设项目中施工扬尘、噪声、固废物处置及水土流失、底泥疏浚与处置的环境影响评价要点；针对项目施工期的环境影响和营运期对河流生态系统的影响，提出切实可行的环保措施和建议。     

典型氟工业园周边河流沉积物中全(多)氟化合物的分布特征

采用超高效液相色谱/质谱联用(UPLC/MS-MS)分析了我国重要的氟化物工业园区周边河流——辽宁细河(阜新段)、山东小清河(淄博段)和长江(江苏常熟段)表层沉积物中全(多)氟烷基化合物(PFASs)的污染状况.细河表层沉积物中,PFASs含量范围(以干重计,下同)为15.8～2 770 ng·g~(-1),全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)和六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)是主要污染物;小清河表层沉积物中,PFASs含量为12.2～7 853 ng·g~(-1),全氟烷基辛酸(PFOA)和HFPO-DA为主要污染物;长江表层沉积物中,PFASs含量为9.20～35.9 ng·g~(-1),全氟十四酸(PFTeDA)和6∶2氟调磺酸(6∶2FTS)为主要污染物.工业园区废水排放(点源污染)是本研究中3个区域PFASs的主要来源. 3个区域PFASs含量及组成差异明显,与工业园区生产规模和产业类型有关.PFASs含量及各组分含量与TOC、沉积物粒径没有显著相关性,PFASs各组分间相关性也有差异,说明PFASs在沉积物中的富集过程与多种因素有关.     

A RATING-CURVE METHOD FOR HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS IN CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT MODELING1

ABSTRACT: Accurate prediction of hydrodynamics is of great importance to modeling contaminant transport and water quality in a river. Flow conditions are needed in estimating potential exposure contamination levels and the recovery time for a no-action alternative in contaminated sediments remediation. Considering highly meandering characteristics of the Buffalo River, New York, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was selected to route upstream flows through the 8-km river section with limited existing information based on the model's fully predictive capability and process-oriented feature. The model was employed to simulate changes in water depth and flow velocity with space and time in response to variation in flow rate and/or water surface elevation at boundaries for given bottom morphometry and initial conditions. Flow conditions of the river reach where historical flow data are not available were computed. A rating-curve approach was developed to meet continuous and event contaminant modeling needs. Rating curves (depth-discharge and velocity-discharge relationships) were constructed at selected stations from the 3-D hydrodynamic simulations of individual flow events. The curves were obtained as steady solutions to an unsteady problem. The rating-curve approach serves to link flow information provided by the hydrodynamic model to a contaminant transport model. With the approach, the linking problem resulting from incompatible model dimensions and grid sizes can be solved. The curves will be used to simulate sediment movement and to predict contaminant fate and transport in the river.     

连云港入海河流着生藻类群落特征及其水质评价

于2019年3月和7月对连云港主要入海河流着生藻类群落结构进行了调查，并基于水生态环境质量综合指数对15条入海河流水质进行评价。结果表明，良好以上的断面占总数的66.7%，调查共发现硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻、裸藻、黄藻及金藻共计106种着生藻类，其中春季60种，夏季80种；硅藻为全年优势种。着生藻类全年平均密度为42 266.7 个/cm²，各断面密度差异较大。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）为1.46~392，平均值为2.93，其中夏季H’_平均为3.07，高于春季的2.80，总体呈放置7 d样品多样性高于14 d样品的趋势。     

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of a Great River Ecosystem: The Upper Missouri River Pilot

Most Great River ecosystems (GREs) are extensively modified and are not receiving adequate protection to prevent further habitat degradation and loss of biotic integrity. In the United States, ecological monitoring and assessment of GREs has lagged behind streams and estuaries, and the management of GREs is hampered by the lack of unbiased data at appropriate spatial scales. Properties of GREs that make them challenging to monitor and assess include difficult sample logistics and high habitat diversity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) has developed a comprehensive, regional-scale, survey-based monitoring approach to assessment of streams and estuaries, but has not yet conducted research on applying these tools to GRE monitoring. In this paper we present an overview of an EMAP research project on the Upper Missouri River (UMR). We summarize the assessment objectives for the study, the design for selecting sample locations, the indicators measured at these sites and the tools used to analyze data. We present an example of the type of statements that can be made with EMAP monitoring data. With modification, the set of methodologies developed by EMAP may be well suited for assessment of GREs in general.     

Electrofishing in boatable rivers: Does sampling design affect bioassessment metrics?

Data were collected from 60 boatable sites using an electrofishing design that permitted comparisons of the effects of designs and distances on fish assemblage metrics. Sites were classified a priori as Run-of-the-River (ROR) or Restricted Flow (RF). Data representing four different design options (i.e., 1000 and 2000 m for both single and paired banks) were extracted from the dataset and analyzed. Friedman tests comparing metric values among the designs detected significant differences for all richness metrics at both types of sites and for catch per unit effort and percent tolerant species at ROR sites. Richness metrics were generally higher for the two 2000-m designs than for the two 1000-m designs. When plotted against cumulative electrofishing distance, the percent change in metrics declined sharply within approximately 1000 m, after which metrics usually varied by less than 10%. These data demonstrate that designs electrofishing 1000 m of shoreline are sufficient for bioassessments on boatable rivers similar to those in this study, regardless of whether the shoreline is along a single bank or distributed equally among paired banks. However, at sites with depths greater than 4 m, it may be advisable to employ nighttime electrofishing or increase day electrofishing designs to 2000 m.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

高家坪隧道岩溶水系统识别及涌水量预测

为查明在建宜保高速高家坪隧道内ZK45+995m处突水点的补给来源以及隧道区的水文地质条件,并预测可能的涌水量,在对隧道区内岩溶发育规律调查分析的基础上,先后在隧道区开展了两次地下水示踪试验,结果查明:高家坪隧道内ZK45+995m处突水点的补给来源于隧道北侧的下埫岩溶洼地,汇水面积为0.66km2,突水点所处的岩溶管道为黄龙洞岩溶水系统的西支,为单一岩溶管道类型,地下水最大流速为341 m/d,平均流速为244m/d,地下水流速快,管道介质相当发育。根据示踪试验划分的黄龙洞岩溶水系统与干洞坪岩溶水系统边界范围,并利用黄龙洞泉长期降雨量-泉流量监测数据,采用大气降雨入渗法预测高家坪隧道ZK45+995m处突水点未来可能遭遇的最大涌水量为13 216m3/d,正常涌水量为5 940m3/d,为隧道防治水方案的制定提供了水文地质依据。     

Relative Importance of Water‐Quality Stressors in Predicting Fish Community Responses in Midwestern Streams

Fish, habitat, and water chemistry data were collected from 98 streams in the midwestern United States, an area dominated by intense cultivation of row crops, in order to identify important water‐quality stressors to fish communities. We focused on 10 stressors including riparian disturbance, riparian vegetative cover, instream fish cover, streambed sedimentation, streamflow variability, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, minimum dissolved oxygen, pesticides, and bed sediment contaminants. Fish community response variables included a measure of observed/expected taxonomic completeness; species‐specific tolerances to nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature; the percent of species classified as macrohabitat generalists; and an index of pesticide toxicity to fish. Multivariate analysis indicated that total nitrogen was the most important stressor, signifying that fish communities were responding to total nitrogen despite relatively high levels common to an agricultural setting. Individually, fish taxonomic completeness decreased with increasing streambed sedimentation, whereas fish community tolerance to total phosphorus increased with increasing streambed sedimentation, riparian disturbance, and total nitrogen. These findings underscore the importance of multiple biological response metrics to better understand the effects of water‐quality stressors on fish communities and highlight the complex relations between total phosphorus and fish communities.