Causes of change in nitrophytic and oligotrophic lichen species in a Mediterranean climate: impact of land cover and atmospheric pollutants

With the aim of determining the main drivers of changes in nitrophytic and oligotrophic macro-lichen communities in an industrial region with a Mediterranean climate, we considered both land-cover types and atmospheric pollutants. We determined the relation between the abundance of nitrophytic and oligotrophic species with environmental factors considering the distance of influence of land-cover types. The results showed that oligotrophic species decreased in the proximity of artificial areas, barren land and agricultural areas, associated with higher concentrations of NO₂ and Zn, and Ti, probably dust of industrial and agricultural origin. Nitrophytic species were positively related to all the mentioned land-cover types, and with higher concentrations of Fe and N. Magnesium, probably from ocean aerosols, was negatively related to oligotrophic species and positively to nitrophytic.     

西方发达国家转移环境灾害的途径、原因及对策

发达国家的环境问题尤其是灾害问题的改善,在很大程度上是以将国内的致灾因素向发展中国家转移为条件的。发达国家主要通过资源掠夺资源引进、国际投资与国际贸易等途径向发展中国家转嫁各种灾害;世界经济秩序的不平等性、国际贸易与投资理论的不合理性、现行国际法规及规则的不完善性是发达国家转嫁灾害的主要成因;控制灾害的转嫁必须坚持历史责任原则和可持续发展原则两个基本原则,并采取相应对策。     

Influencing resilience: the role of policy entrepreneurs in mainstreaming climate adaptation

One way to make development pathways more resilient in the face of a changing climate has been through mainstreaming adaptation into government policies, planning and sectoral decision‐making. To date, many of the transferable lessons have taken the form of technical approaches such as risk assessments and toolkits. This article instead draws on evidence from South Asia to emphasise some of the more tacit and informal approaches used to influence adaptation policy. Despite their apparent significance in policy processes, such tactics are often neither planned for nor well reported in resilience‐building projects and programme documents. Using evidence to populate a typology of influencing strategies, this article looks particularly at the role of policy entrepreneurs who navigate the political complexity of both formal and informal governance systems to promote successful adaptation mainstreaming. It concludes with recommendations for adaptation and resilience programming that can more effectively harness the breadth of influencing strategies.     

天山中部公路建设对生态环境的影响及对策——以G218线新源至库尔勒段公路改建工程为例

改建长度为303.97km的新源至库尔勒段公路穿越4个不同类型的气候区以及4个结构、功能各异的生态区段,沿途经过那拉提风景旅游区和巩乃斯国家级森林公园.通过评价该公路改建和运营对生态环境的影响,并结合公路改建前多年运营以来沿线生态系统的自然恢复程度的调查,提出一些人为缓解和恢复的对策.     

三峡工程生态环境影响分析

经过六年多的研究,笔者认为:三峡工程对生态环境的影响有有利影响和不利影响两个方面。对不利影响只要认真对待,采取措施,可以减少到最小程度,所以生态环境问题不是三峡工程决策的制约因素。     

城镇用地扩张的影响分析

社会经济条件的变化是推动城镇用地扩张的重要力量。城镇用地规模不断扩大，不仅促进了城镇本身功能的完善、经济实力的提高，带动了周围农村地区社会经济的发展。而且，城镇用地大量、快速向外扩张也给城镇本身及其周围农村带来了较大的负面影响。     

新排污收费条例对燃煤电厂的影响探析

《排污费征收和管理条例》(简称新《条例》)的实施是我国排污收费制度的重大变革，对相关行业将产生不同程度的影响。着重分析了新《条例》的实施对燃煤电厂的不利影响，以及对企业增加环保投入治理污染的推动作用。     

试论全面建立我国环境影响评价的法制化体系

在综述我国环境影响评价体系的法制化现状的基础上，剖析了现有评体系存在的问题及其产生的根本原因，提出了制定我国环境评价的必要性，进而从完善评价的监督机制和环评技术导则系统等方面，阐述了如何全面建立我国的环境影响评价法制化体系。     

造纸行业环境影响评价中清洁生产评价的实践与思考

造纸行业是资金密集型、技术密集型产业,企业能耗、水耗、资源消耗很大.随着产品产量的增加,行业污染物排放量势必存在增长趋势,造纸行业清洁生产潜力巨大,造纸项目环境影响评价中的清洁生产水平评价变得越来越重要.就造纸行业环境影响评价中清洁生产水平评价的评价指标、评价方法、评价工作中遇到的实际问题以及当前形势对环境影响评价的更高要求以及应对办法等进行了论述.     

采动对矿区生态环境的影响及治理对策

根据开采沉陷学的原理,对由于采动而引起的地质灾害及表现形式作了详细阐述,以及由此对矿区生态环境所产生的影响进行了分析评价,并提出了相应的治理措施。