浙闽沿岸海域总溶解态无机锑的分布及影响因素研究

作为一种具有潜在致癌性的有毒稀有元素,锑已经广泛地存在于水体中并显现出较为严重的环境问题,引起科学界的广泛关注.利用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定2008年5月浙闽沿岸海域水样中总溶解态无机锑(TDISb)的含量.结果表明,浙闽沿岸海域表、底层TDISb浓度的变化范围分别是0.68~5.64 nmol·L-1和0.71~5.25 nmol·L-1,平均含量分别为2.25、1.79 nmol·L-1,低于我国地表水环境质量标准和世界卫生组织规定的饮用水水质标准(约41.08 nmol·L-1).总溶解态无机锑表现出由沿岸向中央海区递减、表层高于底层的分布特征.影响浙闽沿岸海域溶解态无机锑分布的主要因素有水团混合,生物活动及悬浮颗粒物吸附解吸过程等.     

陕北地区煤炭开采等人类活动对河道径流影响的定量识别

陕北地区水资源严重短缺,定量分析窟野河流域各因素对河道径流的影响程度,对干旱半干旱地区的资源开发具有重要意义.该文首先分析了窟野河径流以及流域内降雨、气温、水保措施、用水量和煤炭开采量等因素的变化趋势;其次按照1961—1979年、1980—1998年、1999—2010年以及1961—2010年等4个时期,采用逐步回归法分别确定其显著的影响因素,求出各时期的径流相关方程,其中1961—2010年间的主要影响因素为降雨量、气温、水保措施和煤炭开采量;最后定量计算了1980—1998年和1999—2010年相对于基准期1961—1979年各因素造成的减水量,其中水保措施的减水量由65%减少到了47%,煤炭开采却增加到了19%.结果表明,采用逐步回归分析法计算的窟野河1961—2010年径流模拟值与实测值很接近,该方法可以在中国北方干旱半干旱地区推广.     

Giving Voice to Wildlands Visitors: Selecting Indicators to Protect and Sustain Experiences in the Eastern Arctic of Nunavut

Many public land management agencies are committed to understanding and protecting recreation visitor experiences. Parks Canada is deeply committed to that objective for visitors to Canada’s National Parks. This 2004 study, informed by a 2003 qualitative study of visitor experiences and influences on those experiences at Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut, worked to bring 50 potential elements of visitor experiences down to five articulated dimensions of the experience that is currently being received at this remote eastern arctic park. A hypothesized set of 17 influences on experiences, also reduced to just two factors with similar response patterns, and with some items that did not flow into the two factors, were used in a regression analysis to understand the relationship between experiences and factors of influence. A sample of 61.8% (84) of the total recreation visitor population 16 years of age or older was surveyed during deregistration after the trip. Knowledge about the dimensions of the experiences currently received and factors of influence on those experiences can be used to guide selection of indicators for describing objectives and prescribing monitoring protocol.     

Influence of NOx on the activity of Pd/θ-Al2O3 catalyst for methane oxidation: Alleviation of transient deactivation

Alumina supported Pd catalyst（Pd/Al₂O₃） is active for complete oxidation of methane, while often suffers transient deactivation during the cold down process. Herein, heating and cooling cycle tests between 200 and 900 °C and isothermal experiments at 650 °C were conducted to investigate the influence of NO_x on transient deactivation of Pd/θ-Al₂O₃ catalyst during the methane oxidation. It was found that the co-fed of NO alleviated transient d...     

基于HR/CFD技术的城市汽车尾气扩散规律研究

为研究城市空间结构对汽车尾气扩散规律,根据高分辨率遥感影像建立了某城市核心区域几何模型。以当地常年气象风向作为重要的边界条件之一,应用CFD多相流技术,模拟了十字交叉口车辆队列怠速等候35,45,55 s时的尾气扩散过程,并对45 s时4个监测点的体积分数进行了实测,最后,通过建筑高度优化,降低了该区域的尾气含量。以上研究结果表明:在空间狭小区域,近地空间CO体积分数达1.0×10-7,与研究域平均体积分数相差100倍以上,说明城市空间结构对尾气扩散影响较大,仿真所揭示的规律与实测吻合。建筑设计时应结合当地气象风向和风速,应设计一定的建筑高度梯度,可以促使污浊气体迅速扩散至远地空间。     

电弧防护服性能测试及影响因素研究

针对电力行业电弧引发的事故,电弧防护服相关标准开始制定并逐步完善。现有电弧防护性能的标准测试方法包括开弧测试和盒式测试,针对不同形式的电弧,测试方式仍在不断发展。电弧防护性能的最常用的衡量指标是电弧热性能值ATPV。对于不同工作场所电弧服的选择是基于对工作现场的危害评级。最后文章总结了电弧防护服性能影响因素的研究,包括电弧防护性、热湿舒适性和作业适应性。未来的电弧防护服的开发会朝向更安全、低成本、更舒适的方向进行。     

一次井喷事件及其社会影响

本文分析了天津市板桥农场机井突发性自喷的原因,造成的经济损失和产生的社会影响。     

AUTUMN CHEMISTRY OF OREGON COAST RANGE STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: During an autumn runoff event we sampled 48 streams with predominantly forested watersheds and igneous bedrock in the Oregon Coast Range. The streams had acid neutralizing capacities (ANC) > 90 μeq/L and pH > 6.4. Streamwater Na ⁺, Ca^{2 +}, and Mg^{2 +} concentrations were greater than K ⁺ concentrations. Anion concentrations generally followed the order of Cl^- > NO₃^- > SO₄^2-. Chloride and Na ⁺ concentrations were highest in samples collected in streams near the Pacific Ocean and decreased markedly as distance from the coast increased. Sea salt exerted no discernible influence on stream water acid-base status during the sampling period. Nitrate concentrations in the study streams were remarkably variable, ranging from below detection to 172 μeq/L. We hypothesize that forest vegetation is the primary control of spatial variability of the NO₃^- concentrations in Oregon Coast Range streams. We believe that symbiotic N fixation by red alder in pure or mixed stands is the primary source of N to forested watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range.     

Women, Health and Humanitarian Aid in Conflict

The burden of political conflict on civilian populations has increased significantly over the last few decades. Increasingly, the provision of resources and services to these populations is coming under scrutiny; we highlight here the limited attention to gender in their provision. Women and men have different exposures to situations that affect health and access to health-care and have differential power to influence decisions regarding the provision of health services. We argue that the role of women in planning is central to the provision of effective, efficient and sensitive health-care to conflict-affected populations.     

Establishing the Canadian Community Monitoring Network

Community-based ecosystem monitoring activities in Canada are increasing in response to a number of factors including: (i) the needs of decision-makers for timely information on local environmental changes; (ii) limited use of government monitoring data and information by decision makers; (iii) government cuts to monitoring programs; (iv) the increasingly recognized need to include stakeholders in planning and management processes; and (v) the desire of citizens to contribute to environmental protection. To date there has been no network coordination of community based monitoring in Canada. This paper reports on the establishment of the Canadian Community Monitoring Network by Environment Canada's Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network Coordinating Office and the Canadian Nature Federation. Information on research prepared in support of network establishment is presented along with a discussion of the potential of the network.