基于GIS技术的危险废物资源管理系统的研究

文章将地理信息技术引入到危险废物管理中,主要通过对基于GIS危险废物管理信息系统的设计,将危险废物管理、计算机和GIS技术结合在一起,为城市的危险废物提供一个快捷、方便、科学的管理和决策支持的计算机系统。通过该系统的开发,能有效管理分布在城市各处的危险废物,减轻其对城市及周边环境的污染,对城市的开发建设和环境保护起到一定的借鉴作用。     

基于GIS环境管理平台聚类分析的实现

高效数字化管理技术是我国环境管理工作的关键和必然趋势。地理信息系统和多元统计方法虽然在环境管理中已经得到一定程度的应用,但这两种高效工具几乎处于"脱节"状态;文章在GIS平台上有效地集成了系统聚类分析方法,有利于区域环境质量管理对空间海量数据的分析,文章重点介绍了系统聚类谱系图的生成算法与绘制中的难点,并用实例验证了该算法的可靠性和实用性。     

现代环境与人体健康研究综述

环境与健康是人类永恒的主题。本文介绍了环境与健康的关系,总结了在全球气候变化、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性的丧失、土地荒漠化和干旱、环境污染以及城市化等多方面给人类健康带来的影响,探讨了人体总暴露研究、地理信息系统技术在本领域的应用,最后概括了我国在这一领域的研究现状。     

Vulnerability assessment and adaptation to the impacts of sea level rise on the Kingdom of Bahrain

This paper assesses quantitatively the impact of sea level rise (SLR) at the global and regional scale as a result of climate change (CC) on the coastal areas of the Kingdom of Bahrain’s islands (36 Islands). The standard Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines was modified as appropriate for the situation of the study area. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coupled with Remote Sensing (RS) were used as the main techniques of collecting, analyzing, modeling simulating and disseminating information to build SLR scenarios in a geographically referenced context. Also, these tools were used to assess vulnerability and risk of the coastal area of the islands with the expectation that coastal planner and government authorities will profit from integrating these knowledge into a broad based environmental decision making. Three SLR scenarios: low, moderate and high were developed to examine the impacts from SLR on all islands. The low SLR scenario (Optimistic) assumes a 0.5-m rise above current sea level, the moderate scenario (Intermediate) assumes a one meter rise, and the high scenario (Pessimistic) assumes a 1.5 m rise in sea level. Two more SLR scenarios were assumed to perform risk analysis, a 2 and 5 meter rise above current sea level. The simulation of SLR are quite straightforward, emphasizing on the uses of both of the data that are incorporated from the satellite images and the created Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to estimate SLR scenarios that are adapted in the study. These data were used to predict consequences of the possibility of the rise in sea level at different scenarios which may alter the landuse and patterns of human communities. Results indicate that low-lying coastal areas of Bahrain islands are at risk from the effects of any SLR resulting from CC. These islands are vulnerable under different SLR Scenarios. More than 17% of the country total area may be inundated under 1.5 m SLR in 2100. The total area that might be lost under different sea level scenarios will vary from more than 77 km² if SLR reaches 0.5 m, to about 100 km² under 1.0 m SLR and may reach 124 km² under 1.5 m SLR scenario. The total inundated areas due to risk scenarios will reach 133 km², if the SLR rises to 2.0 m, and it is estimated to be more than (22%) of the main island total area. Under the second scenario, if the SLR reaches 5.0 m, the main islands will lose approximately half of its area (47%) equal to 280 km². Hawar islands group will lose about (30%) of its total area under 2.0 m SLR, which is about 15.5 km².A SLR adaptation policy framework (APF) and adaptation policy initiatives (APIs) are suggested for planners to build upon for reducing the likely effects of SLR in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The framework is composed of four steps namely, acquisition of information, planning and design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. A general policy framework for a national response to SLR is suggested. Additionally, a range of policy adaptation options/initiatives to sustain coastal developments under the likely effects of SLR are recommended.     

企业环境等级评价制度中的多方博弈辨析

企业环境等级评价制度将公众第三方引入环境管理体系,着重分析三方在管理中的各自作用,以及如何实现利益的最大化。公众的参与是核心,政府引导是保证企业环境等级评价制度顺利和健康实施的基础,而企业可以通过环境等级评价提高企业环境信息的透明度,并进一步利用市场增大企业的利益。     

基于技术扩散的全社会能源效率空间条件收敛分析

我国各地区能源效率存在明显的差距,如何缩小地区能源效率差距成为了能源经济领域的热点问题.本文依据2000-2010年中国30省面板数据,运用空间误差条件β收敛模型分析了技术扩散对全社会能源效率收敛的影响,研究结果表明:①2000-2010年间,全社会能源效率呈现2000-2002、2002-2005和2005-2010的三阶段特征,经历上升、下降、再上升的变化过程,其中,2005-2010年提升速度最快,其经验值得借鉴;②全社会能源效率的绝对β收敛呈现由收敛至发散的三阶段变化过程;③全社会能源效率存在显著的空间滞后现象,其增长率的空间相依性不显著,但空间因素对全社会能源效率β收敛的正面影响有加强的趋势;④技术扩散从总体上使全社会能源效率的收敛速度提高1.8倍以上,且影响程度逐渐增强;⑤外商直接投资有助于提升全社会能源效率及其收敛速度;⑥不同时段的技术扩散对全社会能源效率的影响不同,且技术引进和国内技术市场技术流入对收敛的作用不显著.因此,引进外资是缩小地区间全社会能源效率差距的重要措施.     

基于矿山安全专家系统安全信息采集及特征研究

把人工智能专家系统应用到矿山安全领域,模拟专家的经验评估安全生产环境,实现矿山最大安全化管理。安全专家系统的人机界面是系统与用户沟通的桥梁。友好的人机界面信息采集,既可以提高使用者的工作效率,也可以提高输出结构的准确性。针对安全专家系统在金属非金属矿山研究较少的特点,从系统安全工程相关原理出发,引入了人工智能安全专家系统,并从总图布置单元、开拓单元、采掘单元、提升运输单元、供电通讯单元、通风单元六个方面,探讨了界面信息采集的有关理论。根据给出的人机界面信息采集流程,得到了能够最大程度表征矿山安全的信息。为专家系统推理机后续的推理工作提供了一条有效的途径,最终实现人-机交互过程智能化的目的。     

MTBE装置潜在危险性分析及物料泄漏扩散后果模拟研究

MTBE装置处理的物料（混合C4、甲醇）具有易燃易爆性,若发生物料泄漏,将导致装置发生火灾爆炸。为了确保装置安全平稳、长周期运行,基于MTBE装置工艺技术特点,全面系统分析了装置的潜在危险性,总结出导致装置发生火灾爆炸事故的主要因素-物料泄漏;在此基础上,采用挪威DNV公司的SAFETI定量风险评价软件,建立混合C4、甲醇泄漏扩散模型,对物料泄漏导致的主要事故类型（喷射火、池火等）进行模拟,得出泄漏扩散引发火灾爆炸事故的危害范围。结果表明：该模拟研究能够反映出泄漏扩散过程和破坏范围,取得了较真实的事故影响范围曲线图,可以为设计人员更加详细了解MTBE装置发生事故的危害性及企业加强重点部位监控、制定防范措施、编制事故应急预案提供重要参考依据。     

Using a GIS Model to Identify Internally Drained Areas and Runoff Contribution in a Glaciated Watershed1

Macholl, Jacob A., Katherine A. Clancy, and Paul M. McGinley, 2011. Using a GIS Model to Identify Internally Drained Areas and Runoff Contribution in a Glaciated Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):114‐125. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00495.x Abstract: Glaciated watersheds are not easily delineated using geographic information systems’ elevation‐based algorithms, especially where stream networks are disconnected and there are large regions of internally drained areas. This paper presents the results of an analysis using the Potential Contributing Source Area (PCSA) model to identify potential contributing areas, defined as areas from which runoff is physically capable of reaching a drainage network. The investigation was conducted to define the potential contributing areas in a glaciated region of northwest Wisconsin. The curve number (CN) method was used to predict runoff volumes in the watershed. The streamflows of four tributaries were measured and the runoff portion of the hydrograph quantified to be compared with runoff estimates calculated using the potential contributing areas and the traditional catchment area. Runoff producing events occurred, but the use of area‐weighted CN values was unsuccessful in modeling runoff due to all precipitation depths during the study period falling below the initial abstraction. A distributed CN approach provided runoff estimates that were generally better using the potential contributing areas compared with using the traditional catchment area. The extent of the minimum contributing area, estimated for a range of precipitation events, was found to be substantially less than the potential contributing areas, suggesting that the PCSA model delimits the maximum boundary of potential contributing areas.     

国际生态学研究发展态势文献计量分析

目前,全球的生态环境问题已经引起了各国政府和人民的高度关注,而生态学研究可以为人类与自然生态系统的共存提供理论依据和行动指南。利用Thomson Data Analyzer、NetDraw和Aureka等分析工具,结合Pathfinder算法,对SCIE和SSCI数据库中国际生态学研究相关文献进行统计分析,发现：北美、欧洲、澳大利亚等国及其研究机构在生态学领域的论文影响力较大,论文质量较高;美国是全球生态学研究合作网络的中心,其次是英国和德国;在机构层面上,加州大学戴维斯分校和马普学会是两个比较明显的合作中心;我国在生态学研究领域发文量上具有一定的优势,但论文总体质量仍有待继续提高,目前我国在生态学领域的主要合作国家有美国、英国、加拿大、德国、日本、澳大利亚和法国;2008—2010年国际生态学研究热点主要集中在生物多样性、气候变化、基因变异、物种间相互作用和性选择等研究领域。