Environmental decision-making: the influence of policy information

ABSTRACT

The success of technological development depends on citizens’ social acceptance, whereas several challenges related to the understanding of citizens’ reactions to renewable energy and its policies are identifiable. Most importantly, the gap between general attitudes towards the environment and specific voting behaviour regarding environment-friendly policy proposals calls for an explanation of how a policy’s design causes citizens who might otherwise support environmental measures to express opposition in direct democratic votes. Therefore, how policy design and policy information impact opinion formation is investigated. Salient aspects are identified, and the different types of information or qualifications that may cause opposition are considered. This new approach reveals that citizens, in environmental decision-making, do indeed consider policy design and policy information, which they regard as conditions for support, and that the type of policy information matters since citizens do not consider all of the policy details when they make decisions.     

区域大气污染防治管理系统建设需求分析

区域大气污染防治管理系统是生态环境保护信息化工程(《"十二五"国家政务信息化工程建设规划》中规划的国家级信息系统之一)项目建设的重要内容之一.本文对区域大气污染防治管理系统的建设需求进行了分析,系统针对大尺度的区域性大气环境质量问题,紧密结合国务院"大气污染防治行动计划"的目标任务要求,开展数据调度与综合分析等功能的建设,旨在通过数据分析提高重点区域大气环境质量状况与污染成因的评估能力,通过情景模拟与模型运算为区域大气污染治理措施的制定与动态调整提供定量化数据支持.系统的建设与实施将有望成为国家大气污染防治领域跨部门数据共享与交换的基础工程,为区域大气污染防治工作提供有力的信息化技术支撑.     

浓度变化时复合衬层中有机污染物的一维扩散分析

在考虑填埋场有机污染物浓度随时间变化的基础上,对有机污染物在复合衬层中的一维扩散问题进行了解析求解.计算模型考虑了2种常见的下边界条件,即零浓度下边界及零通量下边界.计算模型亦考虑了污染物在各介质中的背景浓度.利用该解析解得到的结果和已有的试验结果较为接近.对于美国规范规定的标准复合衬层,当污染物在膜中的扩散系数达到1.0×10-13m2·s-1且膜的分配系数达到50时,基本上可以忽略土工膜作为有机污染物扩散屏障的作用;对于同样的复合衬层,若膜的扩散系数达到1.0×10-12m2·s-1,则膜分配系数只需达到5即可忽略土工膜作为有机污染物扩散屏障的作用.对于标准复合衬层及GM GCL复合衬层,膜分配系数的变化对有机污染物通量击穿曲线的影响较大,而膜扩散系数对其的影响则相对较小.     

A numerical study of soil cover performance

In the investigation of soil cover design options for final decommissioning of reactive mine waste, it is often necessary to analyze or predict the anticipated cover performance as a function of the cost of implementation, which is governed by the type, number and thickness of the layers in the cover system. An example of such investigation is presented in this study where one-dimensional evaporation from hypothetical moisture-retaining cover systems is simulated to assess the influence of several cover properties and hydrogeologic parameters on performance. The commercially available transient flow model, SoilCover, was used to compute suction and water content profiles for different cover design scenarios. The predicted water content profile and porosity of layers were then used to estimate the oxygen diffusion coefficients of the various layers. The oxygen diffusion coefficients were used to estimate oxygen flux through the cover systems. The oxygen flux was, in turn, related to the maximum acid flux. The studied cover and hydrogeologic parameters included soil type, thickness of barriers, and water table elevation. Two types of infiltration and oxygen barrier and two types of capillary layer with different thicknesses were studied. The water table was either kept constant at the base of the waste (tailings) or dropped by 0.5, 1, 2, and 3m over 120 days. The results showed that the relationship between water table depression and the thickness of capillary layers, on one hand, and desaturation of the infiltration and oxygen barrier, on the other, is not linear. Relationships between oxygen flux and barrier thickness and between cost increase and performance improvement of the studied cover systems are presented. Finally, a method that outlines steps for site-specific and economically feasible design of multi-layer cover systems is introduced.     

环境信息披露制度研究

环境信息披露分为政府环境信息披露和企业环境信息披露两个层面。政府环境信息披露包括政府在制度性信息与管理信息、生态安全信息等方面的披露．企业环境信息披露内容包括企业强制性披露信息与自愿披露信息、企业生产阶段的信息和其他阶段的信息。笔者在对这些问题进行研究和分析的基础上．进一步对我国环境信息披露内容的控制及实施进行了探讨。     

Data Sharing – a Case of Shared Databases and Community Use of On-Line GIS Support Systems

Data management is becoming increasingly simple and complex at the same time. The challenge is to effectively use the increasing number of tools available to manage increasing amounts of environmental information for purposes of data capture, analysis, display, sharing and storage. Government is no longer the main collector and provider of data. Community groups possess vast amounts of data collected through daily work of monitoring the environment in their local community. The chief concerns are data access, sharing, integrity and comparability. The capacity of groups to sustain data management is the key to making the sharing possible. The Southeast Environmental Association has been working with Environment Canada to develop a community, on-line database that will be linked to other geo-spatial data sets to allow instant access to geo-referenced data.     

Estimating Air Quality in a Traffic Tunnel Using a Forecasting Combination Model

This study performs a field analysis of the diffusion collection rate coefficients of radial geometry passive samplers to measure NO₂ in a Mediterranean coastal area. The study shows that the collection rate coefficients are not constant and depend on certain environmental parameters as well as on the levels of some co-pollutants. A mathematical model, which explains the variation of the collection rate coefficient, has been established.     

危险性气体泄漏扩散数学模拟研究

总结归纳了描述气态危险物质泄漏扩散过程的多种现有模型及其特点.根据在其基础上开发的相关模拟软件的运行模式不同分为扩散模式模拟和数值计算模拟两类,并对具体流程作了详细阐述.提出了目前该领域仍存在的问题及今后的发展趋势.     

洛阳市地下水资源与节水管理信息系统的建设

论述节水管理信息系统的计算机机体系结构,功能设置,实验及发展,系统共有供水管理,用水管理,节水管理,信息管理,报表管理,人事管理,收费管理和办公文档管理８个子系统,具有先进实用,处理功能强,图形完善,操作简易,易于扩展等特点。     

云南省大气污染扩散输送特征研究

通过分析各种野外探测资料和常规气象资料,全面讨论了影响云南省大气扩散输送能力的各种特征量的变化和特点,并试图说明高原山区的特殊地形及局地小气候条件对这些特征量的影响,认为云南全省大气扩散输送具有以下特征：大气稳定度以中性类居多,频率占50％以上;风速廓线指数值比平原地区大得多,也比一般山区的大;大气混合层高度春冬季较大,夏秋季较小,下午较大,凌晨较小;滇东和滇西北扩散参数较大,滇南较小;辐射雾出现频繁是一种影响当地大气扩散输送的天气现象。