生态文明对图书管理的影响及对策措施

生态文明是社会主义文明的组成部分之一,是社会文明发展的新阶段.生态文明使有关图书的重要性更加突出,数量激增,涉及的范围更加广泛,类型更加复杂多样.因此,图书管理应以生态文明为指导,为生态文明建设服务,采取高度重视,调整、增加分类,开设专柜、专室,及时向读者提供有关信息等措施.     

Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys1

Abstract: Land use in a watershed is commonly held to exert a strong influence on trunk channel form and process. Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. These wider channels can affect water quality, aquatic habitat, suspended sediment loads, and river esthetics.     

Laboratory longitudinal diffusion tests: 1. Dimensionless formulations and validity of simplified solutions

To obtain reliable diffusion parameters for diffusion testing, multiple experiments should not only be cross-checked but the internal consistency of each experiment should also be verified. In the through- and in-diffusion tests with solution reservoirs, test interpretation of different phases often makes use of simplified analytical solutions. This study explores the feasibility of steady, quasi-steady, equilibrium and transient-state analyses using simplified analytical solutions with respect to (i) valid conditions for each analytical solution, (ii) potential error, and (iii) experimental time. For increased generality, a series of numerical analyses are performed using unified dimensionless parameters and the results are all related to dimensionless reservoir volume (DRV) which includes only the sorptive parameter as an unknown. This means the above factors can be investigated on the basis of the sorption properties of the testing material and/or tracer. The main findings are that steady, quasi-steady and equilibrium-state analyses are applicable when the tracer is not highly sorptive. However, quasi-steady and equilibrium-state analyses become inefficient or impractical compared to steady state analysis when the tracer is non-sorbing and material porosity is significantly low. Systematic and comprehensive reformulation of analytical models enables the comparison of experimental times between different test methods. The applicability and potential error of each test interpretation can also be studied. These can be applied in designing, performing, and interpreting diffusion experiments by deducing DRV from the available information for the target material and tracer, combined with the results of this study.     

信息可视化在化工企业大气环境影响评价中的研究及应用

运用data system.exe技术,提出大气环境影响评价信息可视化软件的设计方法,建立了大气环境污染因子数据信息可视化模型,应用该成果对某石油化工企业大气环境进行初步风险评价,结果表明:通过输入大气环境污染因子监测值,系统可自动判定大气环境的污染程度,并把对应环境质量的级别、环境的安全程度以及污染对人体与生物的影响程度在图中显示出来,能有效地提高环境影响评价的可靠度。该软件能在识别污染因子数据信息的同时生成与之相匹配的直观的模拟环境图像,有助于管理者进行及时分析与决策,建立的环境污染因子数据信息可视化软件具有很强的适用性。同时对政府部门制定环保工作决策具有重要的参考价值。     

现代企业安全管理信息系统的构建

论述现代企业安全管理信息系统的功能需求、基本框架、核心功能和系统特点。该系统把信息技术、网络技术及GIS应用到企业安全管理中,并融入安全学习志的管理理念,同时对基于联动机制的企业安全应急决策系统综合理论及其应用进行了研究。通过该系统的建立,使安全管理工作逐步走向科学化、系统化和规范化,对提高目前安全管理水平具有实际意义。     

泥石流灾害风险评价方法及其应用研究

探讨泥石流灾害风险评价的理论和方法;利用已有的泥石流灾害资料,建立泥石流风险评价体系和实施流程;提出风险评价的定量计算方法;结合遥感和地理信息系统技术,完成了云南省昆明市东川区泥石流灾害的定量风险评价。研究结果与泥石流实际分布和调查资料基本一致,表明所提出的泥石流灾害风险评价的理论与方法具有一定的理论价值和现实意义,可以为泥石流灾害风险评价和防灾减灾管理提供有益的科学依据。     

中国与欧盟的航空安全信息分类法比较

为探讨中国和欧盟政府间进行航空安全信息交换的可行性,从中国和欧盟各自航空安全信息系统的信息结构和报告内容出发,对中国和欧盟的航空安全信息分类法进行比较。结果表明,两个分类法的信息结构是相同的,不同之处在于主题差异、部分差异和属性差异。笔者认为,虽然存在3种差异,但两个分类法都是基于国际民航组织航空安全信息分类法设计的,信息报告内容具有很大的相似性,因此,从信息内容上看,中欧进行航空安全信息交换是可行的。同时,对如何改进我国航空安全信息分类法提出了建议。     

炸药爆炸条件下释放气溶胶扩散研究

针对炸药爆炸事故造成的气溶胶污染物为瞬时体源的特点,根据事故应急时效性的原则,利用后置虚拟源等效的方法和点源扩散的高斯公式,探讨了炸药爆炸事故造成的气溶胶污染物扩散范围和浓度的计算方法,并分析干沉积和物质放射性衰变等因素对扩散浓度的影响。运用该方法对钚气溶胶扩散进行了计算和分析,其结果表明:该计算方法具有一定的有效性和实用价值,能为该类事故早期实施各种应急计划和措施提供参考依据。     

重大危险源安全监管基础数据标准化研究

重大危险源安全监管必须依靠信息化技术,但我国缺乏相关的标准规范,各级安全监管信息系统互不兼容,形成信息孤岛。本文研究了重大危险源安全监管信息系统标准化建设的内容和需求,提出目前最急迫的是数据标准类规范。通过对安全监管政务的工作流程和内容的分析,应用全程一体化精细建模方法基于重大危险源政务模型提取了基础数据元,并研究了基础数据元与基于XML的数据交换规范的编制。     

Direct simulation of heterogeneous diffusion and inversion procedure applied to an out-diffusion experiment. Test case of Palmottu granite

An out-diffusion laboratory experiment using a non-reactive tracer was fitted using the Time Domain Diffusion (TDD) method. This rapid particle tracking method allows simulation of the heterogeneous diffusion based on pore-scale images and local values of diffusivities. The superimposed porosity and mineral 2D maps act as computation grids to condition diffusion pathways. We focused on a Palmottu granite sample, in which the connected pore space has a composite microstructure with cracks linking microporous minerals and is above the percolation threshold. Three main results were achieved: (i) When compared to the fitting obtained with one coefficient (best mean square residual R = 1.6 x 10(-2)), diffusion is shown to be suitably characterised with two coefficients related to cracks and microporous minerals (best R = 6.5 x 10(-4)), (ii) rather than imposing a local apparent diffusion coefficient D(a) independent of the local porosity Phi, a best fit is obtained by applying Archie's relationship D(a) = D(0) x G with G = Phi(m) to each pixel of the calculation grids (G is the geometry factor, D(0) is the diffusion coefficient in free fluid, and m is Archie's exponent), and (iii) the order of magnitude of the fitted diffusion coefficient or Archie's exponents (m=0 for microcracks and m=1.82 for microporous minerals) is physically realistic.