利用马尔柯夫过程预测锡林河流域草原退化格局的变化

以我国北方典型草原模式地段之一的锡林河流域草原为研究对象,根据研究区两个时期遥感影像解译的植被类型图衍生出草原植被退化图。在对草原退化图统一网格化后,计算各网格草原退化指数,并加以分级,确定不同草原退化等级之间转移概率,并应用马尔柯夫模型预测锡林河流域草原退化格局的演变趋势。结果表明:如果不采取防止草地退化的根本性措施,草原退化态势还将继续下去。以每个网格草原退化指数值为各网格草原退化状况划分依据,以3km×3km网格为统计单元,在流域总面积为10701km₂情况下,预测结果是:2005年,锡林河流域草原退化为3级的网格总面积是3776km₂,占流域总面积的35.29%;4、5级网格面积之和为5427km₂,达到流域总面积的50.71%。2025年,锡林河流域草原退化为3级的网格面积总和是3389km₂,占流域总面积的31.67%;4、5级网格面积之和为6406km₂,达到流域总面积的59.86%。     

基于OpenFOAM的城市街区毒气扩散模拟

为了对毒气扩散过程进行及时、有效的模拟,将开源计算流体动力学软件OpenFOAM与PISO算法(pressure implicit with splitting of operators,压力隐式算子分割算法)相结合,进行城市街区毒气扩散模拟研究. 将SIMPLE(semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations,压力耦合方程组的半隐式算法)与PISO算法进行了对比,指出以PISO算法为基础的数值模拟在城市街区这类大范围毒气扩散模拟中具有容差性强、计算较为稳定等优点. 以福州大学怡山校区为扩散区虚拟地理环境,选用氯气为假定毒气,利用OpenFOAM对氯气的扩散传播过程进行了模拟, 并与商用软件FLUENT在相同条件下的ρ(Cl₂)模拟结果进行了对比. 结果表明,结合PISO算法的OpenFOAM能够较好地完成复杂虚拟地理环境下的毒气扩散过程模拟,其ρ(Cl₂)模拟结果与FLUENT模拟结果的平均偏差小于5%,但在计算效率上却提高了41.89%.      

基于INTER网虚拟网络技术的物流企业信息化建设方案

物流企业的经济效益与信息化水平有着密切的关系。物流企业信息系统点多面广、结构复杂，如何有效利用信息资源是物流企业的重要问题。文章就物流信息环境，探讨了利用基于INTER网的虚拟网络技术开发信息资源，使物流企业能建立和健全适合行业特点的管理信息系统。     

Benefits of Collaborative Learning for Environmental Management: Applying the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management Approach to Support Animal Pest Control

Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, or “learning by doing,” offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations. Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive management processes is examined.     

林业资源多媒体信息管理系统的开发和应用

本文阐述了林业资源多媒体信息管理系统的开发环境、组织结构和功能．     

信息安全的现阶段问题分析与发展动向

随着佶息技术的发展,信息的存储和传输过程中不断涌现出各种安全问题.本文通过对最近阶段相关领域文献的研究,从技术上和管理上总结、分析了国内外近年来信息安全技术的新进展和发展方向,介绍了密码学、病毒防护、通信安全、入侵检测、版权保护等分支领域的新动向.     

Assessing Watershed-Scale, Long-Term Hydrologic Impacts of Land-Use Change Using a GIS-NPS Model

Land-use change, dominated by an increase in urban/impervious areas, has a significant impact on water resources. This includes impacts on nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, which is the leading cause of degraded water quality in the United States. Traditional hydrologic models focus on estimating peak discharges and NPS pollution from high-magnitude, episodic storms and successfully address short-term, local-scale surface water management issues. However, runoff from small, low-frequency storms dominates long-term hydrologic impacts, and existing hydrologic models are usually of limited use in assessing the long-term impacts of land-use change. A long-term hydrologic impact assessment (L-THIA) model has been developed using the curve number (CN) method. Long-term climatic records are used in combination with soils and land-use information to calculate average annual runoff and NPS pollution at a watershed scale. The model is linked to a geographic information system (GIS) for convenient generation and management of model input and output data, and advanced visualization of model results. The L-THIA/NPS GIS model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed near Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Historical land-use scenarios for 1973, 1984, and 1991 were analyzed to track land-use change in the watershed and to assess impacts on annual average runoff and NPS pollution from the watershed and its five subbasins. For the entire watershed between 1973 and 1991, an 18% increase in urban or impervious areas resulted in an estimated 80% increase in annual average runoff volume and estimated increases of more than 50% in annual average loads for lead, copper, and zinc. Estimated nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loads decreased by 15% mainly because of loss of agricultural areas. The L-THIA/NPS GIS model is a powerful tool for identifying environmentally sensitive areas in terms of NPS pollution potential and for evaluating alternative land use scenarios for NPS pollution management.     

浅谈验收反馈意见对环境影响评价的指导意义

通过对环境影响评价工作中出现的问题进行分析,发现建设项目竣工验收信息反馈对环境影响评价工作的指导意义重大,主要体现在对工程分析章节的修正,对污染治理措施章节的指导两个方面.分析指出通过建立项目竣工验收与环评的一对一反馈系统、污染源信息数据库和环保设施信息平台,实现项目竣工验收对环境影响评价的指导作用,以上系统一旦建立成功,将有助于提高评价中给出的预防或减轻环境影响的对策和措施的可操作性.     

内外场综合可靠性试验方法分析与探讨

介绍了常规内场试验采用的一些可靠性评价标准,概括总结了内场与外场可靠性分析与评价中运用的数据处理方法,提出了利用内场数据,收集和分析外场数据的信息融合技术,即内外场可靠性综合分析法,阐述了该技术方法的相关研究内容,最后通过实际应用指出了计算的有关方法和步骤.     

利用神经网络法对胺类有机物急性毒性的分类及定量预测

运用三层误差反向传播网络对５１种胺类有机物进行了结构－毒性关系的研究,进入的结构参数为分子连接性指数信息理论指及分子量等６种均可通过分子拓扑图直接计算获得的指标。毒性参数选用大鼠经口ＬＤ５０,根据其大小将样本分为３类：高毒,中毒,低毒,在神经网络模型上作出差别归类,并分别对每类进行定量预测。