纸浆模塑缓冲材的技术研究

聚苯乙烯发泡塑料（EPS）作为缓冲包装的内衬件广泛用于电子产品的内包装,但其所带来的白色污染问题也日益严峻。研究以再生资源（废纸）为原料,生产产品内衬包装物——纸浆模塑缓冲材,并使其产业化,以替代发泡塑料包装物,改变发泡塑料包装物难降解所带来的污染和危害,并实现“废弃物—产品”的资源循环利用。     

现代环境与人体健康研究综述

环境与健康是人类永恒的主题。本文介绍了环境与健康的关系,总结了在全球气候变化、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性的丧失、土地荒漠化和干旱、环境污染以及城市化等多方面给人类健康带来的影响,探讨了人体总暴露研究、地理信息系统技术在本领域的应用,最后概括了我国在这一领域的研究现状。     

Vulnerability assessment and adaptation to the impacts of sea level rise on the Kingdom of Bahrain

This paper assesses quantitatively the impact of sea level rise (SLR) at the global and regional scale as a result of climate change (CC) on the coastal areas of the Kingdom of Bahrain’s islands (36 Islands). The standard Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines was modified as appropriate for the situation of the study area. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coupled with Remote Sensing (RS) were used as the main techniques of collecting, analyzing, modeling simulating and disseminating information to build SLR scenarios in a geographically referenced context. Also, these tools were used to assess vulnerability and risk of the coastal area of the islands with the expectation that coastal planner and government authorities will profit from integrating these knowledge into a broad based environmental decision making. Three SLR scenarios: low, moderate and high were developed to examine the impacts from SLR on all islands. The low SLR scenario (Optimistic) assumes a 0.5-m rise above current sea level, the moderate scenario (Intermediate) assumes a one meter rise, and the high scenario (Pessimistic) assumes a 1.5 m rise in sea level. Two more SLR scenarios were assumed to perform risk analysis, a 2 and 5 meter rise above current sea level. The simulation of SLR are quite straightforward, emphasizing on the uses of both of the data that are incorporated from the satellite images and the created Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to estimate SLR scenarios that are adapted in the study. These data were used to predict consequences of the possibility of the rise in sea level at different scenarios which may alter the landuse and patterns of human communities. Results indicate that low-lying coastal areas of Bahrain islands are at risk from the effects of any SLR resulting from CC. These islands are vulnerable under different SLR Scenarios. More than 17% of the country total area may be inundated under 1.5 m SLR in 2100. The total area that might be lost under different sea level scenarios will vary from more than 77 km² if SLR reaches 0.5 m, to about 100 km² under 1.0 m SLR and may reach 124 km² under 1.5 m SLR scenario. The total inundated areas due to risk scenarios will reach 133 km², if the SLR rises to 2.0 m, and it is estimated to be more than (22%) of the main island total area. Under the second scenario, if the SLR reaches 5.0 m, the main islands will lose approximately half of its area (47%) equal to 280 km². Hawar islands group will lose about (30%) of its total area under 2.0 m SLR, which is about 15.5 km².A SLR adaptation policy framework (APF) and adaptation policy initiatives (APIs) are suggested for planners to build upon for reducing the likely effects of SLR in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The framework is composed of four steps namely, acquisition of information, planning and design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. A general policy framework for a national response to SLR is suggested. Additionally, a range of policy adaptation options/initiatives to sustain coastal developments under the likely effects of SLR are recommended.     

企业环境等级评价制度中的多方博弈辨析

企业环境等级评价制度将公众第三方引入环境管理体系,着重分析三方在管理中的各自作用,以及如何实现利益的最大化。公众的参与是核心,政府引导是保证企业环境等级评价制度顺利和健康实施的基础,而企业可以通过环境等级评价提高企业环境信息的透明度,并进一步利用市场增大企业的利益。     

浅论林业生产与生态环境建设

森林是陆地生态系统的主体。林业是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业,承担着生态建设和林产品供给的重要任务,做好林业工作意义十分重大。目前在林业生产中,环境没有得到应有的保护,造成生态环境恶化,反之又影响了林业生产,因此林业生产应当是在保护环境的前提下,采取多种办法解决问题,例如采取生态采伐、建立自然保护区、退耕还林、分类经营、林业体制改革等手段,既保护了生态环境又能使林业生产可持续发展。     

浅谈再生资源产业发展

随着改革开放进一步扩大和经济建设的持续快速发展,我国再生资源回收利用事业得到了较快发展。但是,再生资源产业存在着市场混乱、法律政策不完善及综合利用水平低等问题。通过对我国再生资源现状分析对我国再生资源产业发展作了展望。     

基于非参数方法的中国棉花产出规模效率时空特征

人类需要的无限性和用来满足需要的各种稀缺资源之间的矛盾,要求人们对生产资源进行有效配置。为研究中国棉花流通体制市场化改革以来,棉花生产资源的配置效率--产出规模效率及其时空特征,基于生产前沿面理论的非参数方法,利用生产资源配置效率测度软件对中国棉花主产区的棉花产出规模效率进行了具体测定与分析。结果表明：中国棉花产出规模效率时空差异显著,报告期长江流域优于黄河流域,同时两大流域棉花产出规模效率变化态势与我国棉花流通体制市场化改革的政策安排高度相关。认为中央政府应根据市场化进程中棉花生产所表现出来的新特点与市场调节出现的新问题,适时做出进一步激励棉花生产,最大程度发挥产出规模效率的政策安排。     

四川水土资源可持续利用与生态保护

保护好四川水土资源和生态环境,对保障全国粮食安全,对全国的生态保护与建设和长江中下游地区的经济发展均有十分重要的意义。系统分析研究了四川水土资源与生态保护现状,针对水土流失面广强度大、土地沙化、退化和荒漠化严重、人地矛盾日益尖锐、粮食安全保障问题日益凸显、水资源利用率低、旱灾严重等问题,提出了切实保护耕地资源,确保基本农田保护面积总量不减少、质量不降低;合理确定退耕还林规模,稳定和保护现有耕地面积;加大中低产田土改造力度,节约集约利用有限的土地资源;节约用水,加强水利工程建设,提高水资源利用率和供水能力;加强对水土流失的综合治理等5条水土资源可持续利用与生态环境保护的相应对策与措施。     

Resources and international climate change policy gridlock

Few other policy zones are as complex as the issue of climate change. If the more pessimistic projections of climate change doom are correct, then the failure to address the issue is likely to be catastrophic and irreversible. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted the potential extinction of many species and that the existence of small-island and other vulnerable countries will be threatened if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue. Climate change is a transboundary problem and requires unprecedented levels of cooperation between states and serious and sustained responses from major emitters. However, the growing demand and consumption of natural resources for continued energy security and cornucopian economic growth have undermined the outcomes of international climate change negotiations. It is argued here that there is a strong connection between the major emitters’ positions at United Nations’ climate talks, their possessions, dependence and consumption of natural resources, and the continued undermining of international climate change policy for unsustainable growth. This paper assesses the resource politics of the US, China, India, Canada, Russia, and Saudi Arabia and their positions at climate talks to show the link between lack of climate change policy progress and the positions of these main players.     

Renewable energy potential in India and future agenda of research

ABSTRACT

Demand of electrical energy is exponentially increasing causing environmental problems due to extensive use of fossil fuels. Hence, research has been promoted in renewable energy technologies to mitigate environmental pollution. Indian subcontinent is rich in renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes potential of RES and region-wise installed capacity in India. Estimated potential of RES is 57 GW which is targeted to be 175 GW by 2022. A logical framework for our future research work has been presented. This includes performance optimisation of solar pumping system and reliability assessments of the designed system using reliability indices.

Abbreviation: RES: Renewable energy resources; SHP: small hydro plants; GOI: Government of India; MNRE: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; LHP: large hydropower; BCM: billion cubic metres; PEC: per-capita energy consumption; JNNSM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission; DNI: direct normal irradiance; SPV: solar photovoltaic; UMPP: ultra mega green solar power project; GIS: geographic information systems; WMS: wind monitoring stations; MPWL: Madhya Pradesh windfarms Ltd.; MIB: mat river basin; SWAT: Soil and Water Assessment Tool; ROR: run of river; SMS: short message service; CDM: clean development mechanism; NIOT: national institute of ocean technology; LOLP: loss of load probability; CSO: Central Statistics Office; CEA: Central Electricity Authority; TERI: The Energy and Resources Institute; WPI: Wind Power India; IEA: International Energy Agency; EAI: Energy Alternatives India; BKP: Biomass Knowledge Portal; IRENA: International Renewable Energy Agency; GAIN: Global Agricultural Information Network; NITI: National Institution for Transforming India; NIWE: National Institute of Wind Energy; UP: Uttar Pradesh; J&K: Jammu and Kashmir; HP: Himachal Pradesh; NR: northern region; MP: Madhya Pradesh; WR: western region; TN: Tamil Nadu; AP: Andhra Pradesh; SR: southern region; ER: eastern region; NER: north eastern region; A&N: Andaman & Nicobar