红外气体分析仪比对防护试验检测方法的探究

本文通过比对检测方法,即化学法检测氨气防护试验的浓度和仪器法进行比对试验,得出两种方法准确度为2.77%,一致性良好,并且红外气体分析仪自动化程度高,测定简便、迅速,适用于防护试验。     

基于HJ-1B与TM热红外数据的大亚湾核电基地温排水遥感监测

选取同天过境的Landsat5TM和HJ-1B红外相机数据,在获取3个大气参数后,结合辐射传输模型分别对大亚湾核电基地附近海域海表温度和温排水温升区的分布情况进行遥感监测,对比结果显示,环境卫星遥感监测数据与TM数据监测所得温排水在空间分布上具有较高一致性,二者反演出的绝对温度相差不超过1.1℃,相同温升等级范围内的相对温度均值也不超过0.4℃.因此,HJ-1B红外相机可满足核电站热污染的监测需求.     

DC反应器处理中药废水过程中出水的光谱分析

采用三维荧光(EEM)与傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱技术,对不同运行条件下,新型双循环(DC)厌氧反应器处理中药废水的出水情况进行了分析,以期为厌氧反应器的有效监控提供新思路.结果表明,在HRT为24h时,COD去除率为94%左右,平均产气率达到0.37m3CH4/kgCOD,出水的EEM光谱中,Ex/Em=420/470nm处出现了明显的辅酶F420吸收峰;而HRT减少为12h后,虽然COD去除率仍达到90%左右,但出水EEM光谱中,辅酶F420的吸收峰有所降低,并出现了类富里酸的吸收峰,表明不宜再继续减少HRT.当温度由30oC降低为20oC时,温度的变化影响了厌氧污泥的性状,使得出水的FTIR光谱中3400cm-1处的吸收峰由原来的钝峰变为尖峰.而在进水中添加大黄酸后,造成了反应器内有机酸的累积,产甲烷菌活性受到严重影响,出水的EEM光谱中,腐殖酸与类富里酸的吸收峰显著增强.     

双介质矿岩轴向加载损伤破坏试验分析研究

为研究夹石对矿体力学变形特性的影响,选用全精炼的工业石蜡作为夹石模拟材料,并与水泥和矿粉进行配比制样。通过表壁裂纹扩展、微观成像、表壁应变值变化、整体加载压缩变形、磁感应强度变化、红外温度测量共同表征夹石试样在加载过程中的力学变形特征,厘清夹石矿岩的破坏特点。同时提出了一种数值模拟夹石的方法,进行不同夹石含量矿岩的安全系数、最大主应力及不同监测点处应变值的变化监测。试验结果表明:存在夹石的试样在加载过程中表壁出现较多裂纹条数,且以短裂纹为主,分布区域较广;表壁纵向应变变化较平稳,而横向应变存在阶梯型变化;红外温度测量并无恒定的变化幅度,存在升降的起伏变化;磁感应强度值变化存在上升下降型、下降平稳型、下降上升型的变化特点。数值模拟结果表明:夹石的存在弱化了矿岩的整体强度,这与相似模拟结果具有一致性。同时不同的夹石强度对矿岩的整体稳定性影响不一样。当试样的整体稳定性与夹石的物理性质有关,夹石强度是矿石强度50%左右时,彼此接触严丝合缝,夹石存在及含量的多少产生的影响不大;如果夹石强度只是矿石强度的2%时,相应的测点起伏变化较大;如果试样完整性不好,存在较多微观空区,空区附近的相应测点的应变值变化起伏较大。     

台湾海峡7.3级强震前的热红外增温异常

描述了１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡７．３级地震前，在震中区附近上空观测到大面积的突发性增温异常带。并对该异常带的形成机理作了探索。     

COMPARISON OF THERMAL SCANNING AND IN SITU TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING THERMAL DISCHARGES1

ABSTRACT: In situ and remote sensing techniques for measuring thermal plumes are compared for data taken at the Point Beach Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Michigan for five separate occasions. The in situ method employed a boat whose position was determined with a microwave ranging system. Temperatures at the surface and at various depths were measured with fast response thermistor probes. The remote sensing technique utilized an infrared scanner in the 8 to 14 micron range. Comparison of the plumes indicates good agreement with respect to plume configurations, areas within isotherms and centerline temperature decays for all except one occasion, a calm day characterized by no waves, low wind and ambient current velocities. Robable reasons for disagreement under such ambient conditions are discussed. The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in light of the results of the five sets of data. This includes both the data collecting and data analyzing procedures. It is concluded that judicious combination of both methods offers a better picture of thermal plumes than can be obtained by either technique alone.     

不同红外光度法对水中石油类分析的研究

本文用两种不同的红外光度法(分散红外分光光度法和非分散红外光度法)分别测定了水中油，对两种不同的红外光度法在分析测试过程中的各种情况进行了分析研究。分析研究结果表明，分散红外分光光度法对不同组成的样品有更好的适应性。     

The biodegradation of blends of polycaprolactone and polyethylene exposed to a defined consortium of fungi

Polycaprolactone, polyethylene, and blends of polycaprolactone and polyethylene—in which the portion of polycaprolactone was 80 and 10%—were exposed for periods of from 1 to 16 weeks to a consortium of five fungi in a nutrient salt medium containing 0.8 mg/ml potato dextrose. After exposure the samples were cleaned, dried, and analyzed for weight loss, changes in their molecular weight distribution as determined by gel permeation chromatography, molecular changes as seen by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and changes in tensile strength. Tensile strength of polycaprolactone began to decrease after 1 week of exposure, even though the molecular weight distribution showed no change. FT-IR spectra indicated a loss of amorphous polycaprolactone from the surface of samples.Certain commercial products ae identified in order to specify experimental procedures adequately. In no case does such identification imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or that the material is necessarily the best available for the purpose.     

ESTIMATING EVAPORATION FROM UTAH'S GREAT SALT LAKE USING THERMAL INFRARED SATELLITE IMAGERY1

ABSTRACT: Water surface temperatures can be obtained from satellite thermal remote sensing. Landsat and other satellites sense emitted thermal infrared radiation on a regular basis over much of the earth's surface. Evaporation is accomplished by the net transport of mass from the water surface to the atmosphere. The evaporative transfer predominantly determines the water surface temperature. Hence, there should be good correlations between evaporation and surface temperatures. Previous investigations on Utah Lake with satellite-derived temperatures and pan- and model-derived evaporation values have produced good correlations. However, more study was required with additional satellite data and evaporation measurements for saltwater conditions. The applicability of this method for estimating evaporation on Utah's Great Salt Lake was of particular interest at this time because of the unprecedented rise of this terminal lake. Satellite thermal data and evaporation data from four different years were obtained for the Great Salt Lake and the surrounding region. More than 350 correlation and linear regression analyses were performed on the temperature and evaporation data. The lake salt concentrations were also factored into the analyses in several different ways. The correlation results were generally very good and a methodology for using satellite-derived water surface temperatures along with salt concentrations was developed to estimate evaporation.     

Infrared spectroscopy studies of the photooxidation of a polyethylene nonwoven fabric

The photooxidation of a nonwoven polyethylene fabric was investigated using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. The infrared spectroscopic data indicated that hydroperoxide, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, and anhydride groups were formed as the products of the photooxidation of the polyethylene fabric and that the relative amount of carboxyl among all carbonyls increased as the photooxidation progressed. The distribution of the photooxidation products was inhomogeneous between the two surfaces of the fabric. The highest degree of photooxidation occurred on the surface of the fabric facing the UV radiation source, whereas the lowest degree of photooxidation was on the back surface of the fabric. We also found that the polyethylene nonwoven fabric showed a slower photooxidation rate than the polypropylene nonwoven fabric. The UV radiation at 254 nm caused photooxidation of polyethylene. No photooxidation was observed in the fabric exposed to the UV radiation at 350 nm under the same conditions.