基于BP神经网络的红外可燃气体探测器温度补偿研究

针对红外可燃气体探测器输出电压随温度变化,而又缺乏理论补偿公式的情况,提出采用BP神经网络对基于NDIR的可燃气体探测器进行温度补偿的方法,解决了以往温度补偿通过硬件补偿带来的探测器体积大、重量增加的弱点;与已有的软件补偿方法相比,BP神经网络方法通过对数据进行训练、学习获得温度补偿模型,得到了较好的结果,使得红外可燃气体探测器具有较宽的使用温度范围。     

A Method for Measuring Degradation of Individual Components in Multicomponent Biodegradable Plastics by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

A new chemometric method based on Beer's law was derived that uses peak ratios from Fourier transform infrared spectra of neat polymers and their composite plastics to quantify degradation of the individual polymers after biodegradation. The method affords direct measurement of polymer concentrations and weight losses without prior calibration against known composites. Unlike traditional chemometric methods, this method does not require sampling of as many or more different composites as the number of polymers in the composite being analyzed. When the neat polymer spectra are known, only two measurements, one before and one after biodegradation, are needed. A potentially major advance is that the method allows automation of analytical infrared wavelength selection by computer from all possible wavelength combinations. In this paper, the theoretical basis and derivation of the mathematical model for multicomponent systems is presented. The validity of the model was proved initially by applying the method to simulated two-polymer and three-polymer composites and finally by comparing test results with known samples of biodegradable composites prepared in the laboratory. Potential future development of the method for more challenging multicomponent plastics is discussed.     

废轮胎的热解及其产物分析

研究了废轮胎热解产生的三相 (气、液、固 )产率与裂解温度的关系 ,气相组成与温度的关系 ,以及氢氧化钠作为催化剂加入热解体系对三相产率和气体组成的影响 .实验表明 ,轮胎橡胶的热稳定性分为 :～ 200℃,200℃～300℃及300℃以上3个区域 .在200℃以上时 ,随着温度升高 ,固体产率减少 ,气体产率增加 ,液体产物的产率在 500℃左右出现一个峰值 .加入 4%NaOH作催化剂以后 ,在相同的温度下固态碳黑和液态油的产率均有所提高 ,而相应混合气的产率降低 .实验确定了所用混合胶粉主要为合成橡胶 .不同温度下热解所产生的液体产物的红外谱图及裂解色谱图表明 ,300℃时主要是助剂分解,400℃左右主要是聚异戊二烯(天然胶)开始裂解,600℃以上残留物开始裂解.     

生物吸附剂ZL5-2对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机理

为测定环境样品中氯菊酯农药残留,用活泼酯法将氯菊酯半抗原(Py)与卵白蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备合成抗原Py-OVA作包被原,建立间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法.方阵滴定确定了抗血清最佳稀释度(1∶2 500),包被抗原的最适工作浓度0.45μg/mL,并建立了标准工作曲线.工作曲线表明在10～800μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,回收率>97%.     

沸腾炉粉煤灰的特性研究

沸腾炉排出的粉煤灰与煤粉炉排出的粉煤灰在性质上有很大差异。沸腾炉粉煤灰主要由不规则状的细分散颗粒组成,其本体化学成分和表面化学成分存在一定差异。不同的粉煤灰颗粒具有不同的化学组成。沸腾炉粉煤灰以不规则状玻璃体为主要物相,结晶矿物不含莫来石。沸腾炉粉煤灰的细度很高（0.011～0.038mm范围的颗粒约占55％）,比表面积巨大,达8.00腾炉粉煤灰具有极高的火山灰活性,28天抗压强度比达97％,与525号水泥相近     

中国地表城市热岛驱动因素及其空间异质性

基于MODIS卫星遥感数据,计算了中国284个地级市2018年的年平均地表城市热岛强度,分析了中国地表城市热岛的空间分布规律和空间集聚模式.结合多元遥感数据、气象数据和社会经济统计数据,利用地理加权回归模型分析了日间和夜间地表城市热岛强度主要驱动因素的空间异质性结果表明,中国地表城市热岛强度的空间分布存在明显的空间自相...     

Polyaniline nanofibers: acute toxicity and teratogenic effect on Rhinella arenarum embryos

The fate and effect of nanomaterials in the environment is of paramount importance towards the technological application of the materials. This work shows the ecotoxicological potential of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers in the larvae Rhinella arenarum by means of AMPHITOX test. Acute toxicity of PANI nanofibers towards embryos of the common South American toad R. arenarum (Anura: bufonidae) was evaluated in the premetamorphosis (stage 25) larvae. The exposure of R. arenarum larvae to at dose of 150, 250 and 400 mg L⁻¹ resulted in 100% viability within 96 h exposure. The embryos at 2-4 blastomers stage (early life stage teratogenic test) revealed that embryos were not killed and no teratogenic effects were observed when embryos were incubated with PANI nanofibers (150 and 250 mg L⁻¹), while only a growth retardation of embryos was induced at levels of 250 mg PANI nanofibers L⁻¹. On the other hand, at 400 mg L⁻¹ concentration, a reduction in the body length of larvae and tail malformation was observed. This results suggest that a concentration-dependent toxicity is operative, typified by phenotypes that had abnormal body axes. The presence of PANI nanofibers in gut contents and its excretion by larval stages of R. arenarum was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy.     

TJIS-Ⅲ型野外工业探伤安全控制系统设计与应用

为了有效控制野外工业探伤作业引发的辐射安全事故,我们采用红外线监控技术与PLC控制技术相结合的方法,研制了一套安全控制系统。系统测试结果表明,该系统能够有效防止由人员闯入造成的辐射安全事故。     

石油石化企业泄漏检测技术现状及前景

石油石化站场设备繁多,挥发性介质泄漏易造成安全事故。目前站场点式、线式等固定式检测设备存在泄漏检测反应滞后、泄漏点定位困难等缺点,便携式检测设备人工巡检工作量大。文章对可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术、红外热成像技术、红外多光谱技术和红外高光谱技术进行了分析,提出红外成像检测技术在泄漏检测方面优势明显,具有视频成像、反应迅速、定位准确、连续监控等优点,有望在石油石化行业普及。     

红外林火探测仪高速数字图像接口的设计

由于红外林火探测仪的视频输出采用高速的LVDS接口;不能直接与DSP处理器直接连接,这里介绍了一种在视频输出的LVDS接口与DSP处理器之间利用FPGA接口实现高速数字图信号的缓冲的方法。