NCIVI及其在城市绿化航空遥感调查中的应用——以宁波市为例

植被信息提取是城市绿化遥感调查的关键内容之一,在分析城市彩红外航空摄影特点的基础上,研究了彩红外航空遥感图像植被信息的表现特征,提出了针对城市绿化航空遥感调查新的植被指数———非线性彩红外植被指数(NCIVI),并应用于宁波市城市绿化调查。研究结果表明,NCIVI对城市绿化提取效果明显优于NDVI,正确提取率可以提高3.5%。     

三波长红外法测定水中石油类和动植物油

根据油的种类，性质及水中的分布情况，采用优级纯四氯化碳多次萃取，将油从水中提取出来，包含石油类和动物物油，动物物油属极性物质，可被硅酸吸附，石油类不被吸附，在红外三波长，波数分别为2930cm^-1,2960cm^-1,3030cm^-1处被吸收，准确测定这三个波数特征谱带的总和，从而准确测定水中石油类和动植物油。     

Changes in carbonyl index and average molecular weight on embrittlement of enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes

Weathering behavior of two types of enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes was studied using FTIR spectroscopy, tensile property changes, and gel-permeation chromatography to monitor structural changes accompanying photodegradation. Changes in elongation at break and carbonyl index during degradation showed a strong correlation with the average molecular weight of the polymers. At the point of embrittlement, the highest extent of degradation measured using tensile properties, the number-average molecular weights for both polymers were in the 10⁴ g/mol range. Facile biodegradation is not expected of polyethylenes of this degree of polymerization.     

水中总有机碳测定方法研究进展

本文对总有机碳（TOC）测定的原理、常用的氧化方法、检测技术、TOC与COD的相关性等作了较全面的评述，并指出了TOC目前在应用中存在的一些问题及其研究进展。     

Urban Mining: Quality and quantity of recyclable and recoverable material mechanically and physically extractable from residual waste

The mechanically sorted dry fraction (MSDF) and Fines (<20 mm) arising from the mechanical biological treatment of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) contains respectively about 11% w/w each of recyclable and recoverable materials. Processing a large sample of MSDF in an existing full-scale mechanical sorting facility equipped with near infrared and 2-3 dimensional selectors led to the extraction of about 6% w/w of recyclables with respect to the RMSW weight. Maximum selection efficiency was achieved for metals, about 98% w/w, whereas it was lower for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), about 2% w/w. After a simulated lab scale soil washing treatment it was possible to extract about 2% w/w of inert exploitable substances recoverable as construction materials, with respect to the amount of RMSW. The passing curve showed that inert materials were mainly sand with a particle size ranging from 0.063 to 2 mm. Leaching tests showed quite low heavy metal concentrations with the exception of the particles retained by the 0.5 mm sieve. A minimum pollutant concentration was in the leachate from the 10 and 20 mm particle size fractions.     

红外热像仪在电子设备热设计检查中的应用

在电子设备的研制和设计阶段,热测试与分析是热设计中的重要环节。本文阐述了利用红外热像仪对电子设备关键部位进行热测试,检测电子设备内部温度分布情况,并与设计目标进行比较与纠正,从而达到热设计的最终目的。     

海水中石油类国标分析方法存在的问题及改进建议

当前海水石油类分析三种国标方法存在代表性和适用性不足的问题,不同方法的数据间缺乏可比性,给政府和民众控制水体污染、评价水质状况带来偏差和不便。建议国家相关部门修订海水石油类分析方法,将水质石油类分析国标方法统一为红外分光光度法。通过海水样品加标实验验证了该方法的可行性,实际操作简便、准确。     

浓硫酸低温分解废弃稀土抛光粉工艺研究

采用浓硫酸低温分解回收废弃稀土抛光粉,考察了硫酸用量、分解温度和反应时间对分解效果的影响,结果显示,较佳实验条件下,稀土收率可达95%以上。通过热重-差热与红外光谱联用技术实时在线监测技术,表明分解过程分为2个阶段,分别在270℃和300℃温度范围附近,稀土氧化物和稀土氟氧化物与硫酸发生反应。     

氧化铁砷体系除砷机理探讨

从化学热力学和铁砷沉淀物的红外光谱两个方面探讨了氧化铁砷体系沉淀除砷的机理,在低pH值条件下,废水中的砷酸根离子与铁离子形成溶度积很小的FeAso₄,并与过量的铁离子形成的FeOOH羟基氧化铁生成吸咐沉淀物,使砷得到去除。     

工矿城市地面热场的遥感调查及其对大气污染的影响

以山西省晋城市为例,采用航空热红外扫描方法获取冬季清晨（５：３０－６：３０）和中午（１３：３０－１４：３０）２个时相的图象信息,以地面同步辐射温度数据作为温度定标,进行图象的量化、几何纠正、热场分类等数字图象处理,求取该市的地面热场强度,从而得出清晨整个城市的热岛效应十分明显,而中午热岛现象不明显,地面辐射温度差２个时相均为１０℃左右。根据低空气温和下垫面辐射温度,建立了２省之间的线性关系,并由此