多源数据支持下城市火灾风险评估及规划响应

为探析城市火灾风险的空间格局特征,提出科学的火灾防控体系,以合肥市为研究对象,基于火灾风险兴趣点(POI)数据、NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光影像数据、消防站与道路信息等多源数据,运用SAVEE模型和迭代方程评估城市火灾风险,并引入区位-配置(L-A)模型,从不同目标情境优化消防站点布局。研究表明:火灾高风险区主要集中于合肥市二环以内的建成区,尤其是老城区、合肥西站片区、政务区、科学城和东部新中心等区域;现有48座消防站对研究区内的POI覆盖效果较好,覆盖率为86.76%,而对NPP/VIIRS覆盖效果一般,覆盖率仅为55.94%,覆盖率在合肥市东北部、西北部和南部部分地区仍有不足;基于最大化覆盖模型,规划新增44座消防站,明显提升5 min响应时间的覆盖率,可进一步夯实城市消防安全。     

SBR中联氨对亚硝化的影响

为了开发经济高效的生物脱氮工艺,研究了SBR中联氨对短程硝化反硝化的控制作用,考察了不同联氨投加量对短程硝化的影响。实验结果表明:在室温下,不控制溶解氧,p H为7.5~8.0时,投加7.5 mg/L联氨,亚硝氮积累效果最佳,其出水氨氮及亚硝氮浓度平均值分别为1.44,12.23 mg/L,均优于其他联氨投加量的监测结果;投加7.5 mg/L联氨的活性污泥中生物相种类和数量都优于未投加联氨的活性污泥,SEM图像显示活性污泥结构致密,紧凑,且菌落数量明显升高;从活性污泥的红外谱图可以看出,投加联氨与否,特征峰位置基本相同,但投加7.5 mg/L联氨的活性污泥EPS红外谱图峰强更高。     

气动热效应对某红外导引头影响分析

导弹高速飞行时所产生的气动热,将影响探测器正常成像质量,从而影响导弹的命中精度和导引头的作用距离.由于新型隔热材料的采用,气动热对导引头性能影响减小很多.采用ANSYS软件对某导弹的气动热效应进行仿真,为高速导弹气动性能分析及其环境失效研究提供参考.     

红外辐射大气透过率研究综述

随着红外技术的不断发展和在军事上的广泛运用,红外辐射在大气中的传输研究越来越受到关注.大气透过率是研究红外辐射传输的重要参数.基于红外辐射大气传输的基本理论结合近年来国内外的研究成果,从理论研究和软件平台2个方面对计算大气透过率的研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了复杂气象条件对大气透过率的影响,最后进行了总结和展望.     

森林地下火探测仪的研制

FHD型森林地下火探测仪为最新研制的一种光机电一体化的便携式探测设备,采用红外探测技术原理,借助红外焦平面成像器件、可见光摄像器件采集目标图像,利用图像处理技术完成对目标视频图像的获取、显示、温度分析处理及存储过程。它集成了红外与可见光两种模式,两种模型的简单切换有利于辨识目标并可对热像的中心区域进行测温显示。该设备操作界面简单快捷,图片存储方便、容量大,可用于户外多热源连续监测作业。     

Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic acid in coagulation process

Green source Ep was extracted from marine alga waste. The molecule model structure of Ep was studied and constructed. PAC-Ep coagulation system improves the efficiency of removal efficiency. Synergistic effects between NPs and HA make a big difference to enhance efficiency. Mechanism is charge neutralization, hydrogen bonding and adsorbing-complexing Enteromorpha polysaccharide (Ep) extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles (NPs) and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride (PAC-Ep) coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid (HA) solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter (94.1%), turbidity (99.3%) and Zn ions (69.3%) were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including (i) Al³⁺ charge neutralization; (ii) hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; (iii) adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.     

石化企业VOCs无组织排放源强的反演模拟

针对石化行业面源无组织排放VOCs难以准确定量的问题,建立了基于开路式傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(OP-FTIR)的面源污染源源强反演模型,并进行了现场模拟试验。试验结果表明,风向、风速、大气稳定度、监测距离、数据处理周期等都是影响反演模型准确性的重要灵敏度参数。以反演源强Q_P与实际排放量Q的比值(Q_P/Q)为量化指标,对各影响因素进行优化处理,确定了构建反演模型适用的边界条件。当各灵敏度参数稳定于适用边界条件之内时,Q_P/Q为0.85~0.90。     

Analytical Study of the Heat Loss Attenuation by Clothing on Thermal Manikins Under Radiative Heat Loads

For wearers of protective clothing in radiation environments there are no quantitative guidelines available for the effect of a radiative heat load on heat exchange. Under the European Union funded project ThermProtect an analytical effort was defined to address the issue of radiative heat load while wearing protective clothing. As within the ThermProtect project much information has become available from thermal manikin experiments in thermal radiation environments, these sets of experimental data are used to verify the analytical approach. The analytical approach provided a good prediction of the heat loss in the manikin experiments, 95% of the variance was explained by the model. The model has not yet been validated at high radiative heat loads and neglects some physical properties of the radiation emissivity. Still, the analytical approach provides a pragmatic approach and may be useful for practical implementation in protective clothing standards for moderate thermal radiation environments.     

高效絮凝剂制备的前期浸取研究

我国油田多采用絮凝剂处理含油污水。为得到高效、廉价的絮凝剂,使用赤泥最优化制备聚合氯化铝铁。通过化学分析法和X射线衍射分析,得出赤泥中铝﹑铁元素含量。正交实验结果表明:影响Fe溶出的因素由强到弱依次为盐酸用量系数﹑反应温度﹑目数和反应时间,最佳浸出条件为目数80～120、液固比5.5、反应温度95℃、反应时间3.5h。     

氯化对二级处理出水中溶解性有机物结构的影响

以哈尔滨市W污水处理厂污水为研究对象,利用XAD树脂对二级处理出水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)进行分级分离.按照DOM在不同树脂上的吸附特性将其分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).考察了二级处理出水中有机组分的组成分布、三卤甲烷生成势、紫外光谱和红外光谱.结果表明,二级处理出水中的主要成分是HPO-A和HPI,两者含量之和达70.8%.HPO-A是加氯消毒时产生三卤甲烷的主要有机组分,其三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)为232.9μg/mg.而HPO-N、TPI-A、TPI-N和HPI的STHMFP介于100～125μg/mg之间.氯化反应后,HPO-A、HPO-N、TPI-A和HPI的紫外-可见吸光度均降低,而TPI-N则相反.并且HPO-A、HPO-N、TPI-A和TPI-N中的O-H、C=C和苯环的含量降低,而C-O的含量升高,还生成了C=O和C-Cl.