某灵巧弹药红外敏感器部件贮存加速寿命试验应力的研究

对于结构复杂的新型弹药元件,难以通过传统的统计试验方法来验证其可靠性,而现阶段基于模型的加速寿命试验方法受到加速模型的限制,只适应于元器件级及材料级的传统弹药元件。在明确某灵巧弹药红外敏感器部件结构特征的基础上,以步进加速寿命试验理论与方法为依据,逐一对各组件进行分层次的贮存失效分析,归纳出贮存环境中导致红外敏感器部件失效的主要应力类型,并提出该部件可采取恒定湿度、步进温度的加速寿命试验方法进行可靠性验证。     

红外敏感器加速寿命试验方法研究

红外敏感技术能够有效探测复杂背景环境中的目标,为了获得红外敏感器的长储寿命规律,利用提高温度应力进行加速寿命试验是一种重要方法。基于威布尔分布假设,研究了红外敏感器加速寿命试验的关键技术,并提出了加速寿命试验程序。     

Urban Mining: Quality and quantity of recyclable and recoverable material mechanically and physically extractable from residual waste

The mechanically sorted dry fraction (MSDF) and Fines (<20 mm) arising from the mechanical biological treatment of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) contains respectively about 11% w/w each of recyclable and recoverable materials. Processing a large sample of MSDF in an existing full-scale mechanical sorting facility equipped with near infrared and 2-3 dimensional selectors led to the extraction of about 6% w/w of recyclables with respect to the RMSW weight. Maximum selection efficiency was achieved for metals, about 98% w/w, whereas it was lower for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), about 2% w/w. After a simulated lab scale soil washing treatment it was possible to extract about 2% w/w of inert exploitable substances recoverable as construction materials, with respect to the amount of RMSW. The passing curve showed that inert materials were mainly sand with a particle size ranging from 0.063 to 2 mm. Leaching tests showed quite low heavy metal concentrations with the exception of the particles retained by the 0.5 mm sieve. A minimum pollutant concentration was in the leachate from the 10 and 20 mm particle size fractions.     

Development of a novel myconanomining approach for the recovery of agriculturally important elements from jarosite waste

In this study, an ecofriendly and economically viable waste management approach have been attempted towards the biosynthesis of agriculturally important nanoparticles from jarosite waste. Aspergillus terreus strain J4 isolated from jarosite(waste from Debari Zinc Smelter,Udaipur, India), showed good leaching efficiency along with nanoparticles(NPs) formation under ambient conditions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) confirmed the formation of NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX analysis) showed strong signals for zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium,with these materials being leached out. TEM analysis and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) showed semi-quasi spherical particles having average size of 10‐50 nm. Thus, a novel biomethodology was developed using fungal cell-free extract for bioleaching and subsequently nanoconversion of the waste materials into nanostructured form. These biosynthesized nanoparticles were tested for their efficacy on seed emergence activity of wheat(Triticum aestivum) seeds and showed enhanced growth at concentration of 20 ppm. These nanomaterials are expected to enhance plant growth properties and being targeted as additives in soil fertility and crop productivity enhancement.     

NCIVI及其在城市绿化航空遥感调查中的应用——以宁波市为例

植被信息提取是城市绿化遥感调查的关键内容之一,在分析城市彩红外航空摄影特点的基础上,研究了彩红外航空遥感图像植被信息的表现特征,提出了针对城市绿化航空遥感调查新的植被指数———非线性彩红外植被指数(NCIVI),并应用于宁波市城市绿化调查。研究结果表明,NCIVI对城市绿化提取效果明显优于NDVI,正确提取率可以提高3.5%。     

三波长红外法测定水中石油类和动植物油

根据油的种类，性质及水中的分布情况，采用优级纯四氯化碳多次萃取，将油从水中提取出来，包含石油类和动物物油，动物物油属极性物质，可被硅酸吸附，石油类不被吸附，在红外三波长，波数分别为2930cm^-1,2960cm^-1,3030cm^-1处被吸收，准确测定这三个波数特征谱带的总和，从而准确测定水中石油类和动植物油。     

Changes in carbonyl index and average molecular weight on embrittlement of enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes

Weathering behavior of two types of enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes was studied using FTIR spectroscopy, tensile property changes, and gel-permeation chromatography to monitor structural changes accompanying photodegradation. Changes in elongation at break and carbonyl index during degradation showed a strong correlation with the average molecular weight of the polymers. At the point of embrittlement, the highest extent of degradation measured using tensile properties, the number-average molecular weights for both polymers were in the 10⁴ g/mol range. Facile biodegradation is not expected of polyethylenes of this degree of polymerization.     

新型光声光谱法测定总无机碳酸盐含量

采用新型富氏变换红外光谱气体分析仪测定固体及水体样品中总无机碳酸盐含量,原理是CO₂对红外线的主动式光声吸收.反应器浸没在恒温水浴中,经氮气吹洗后,在连续搅动条件下,向样品中加入一定量高氯酸.酸解生成的CO₂对特定波段的红外吸收造成温度和压力的波动,从而产生频率取决于吸收波长的光声信号,再由微型麦克风加以记录.实验对固体和液体标准样品的线性检测范围分别为120 mg的CaCO₃和36.4 mmol/L的NaHCO₃,灵敏度分别为0.02 mg和3 mmol/L.因总无机碳酸盐的酸性缓冲容量对黏土矿物的表面酸碱性质影响显著,故选择不同来源天然伊利石作为模型样品进行测定,并探讨一些影响因素和改进方案.     

Selection of poly(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid utilising bacteria by enrichment,optimisation and compatibility testing for consortia development

Bacterial strains with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation potential were isolated from waste yard soil samples of selected industrial sites in Uttarakhand, India, and two microbial consortia were developed, i.e. Consortium I comprises Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb10, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb11 and Bacillus sp. strain Rb18, and Consortium II is composed of Lysinibacillus sp. strain Rb1, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb13 and Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb19. The current study involved enrichment selection via liquid and semi-solid media, followed by isolation and screening of bacterial strains using PHB pellets and films. Furthermore, the identification and characterisation was done by triphasic approach. The utilisation of PHB by the characterised strains was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of solubilised PHB was found to be 2.5?mg/mL, which was detected through ‘clear zone assay’. Further, the selection and biocompatibility testing of potential isolates were performed for the formation of bacterial consortia. Thus, the present work would provide direct and standardised protocol for screening and selection of potential microbiomes for biodegradation of polymers by overcoming the negative effect of organic solvents. Moreover, indigenously developed consortia would be evaluated for their in situ biodegradation potential against various bioplastic films.     

化学品急性毒性藻红外测试技术的方法改进研究

在以往藻红外测试技术的急性毒性测试中,每次每个测试杯测试1个藻温,共2个测试组,并用藻最大响应温差1个指标进行毒性评价,测试结果的可行性和稳定性不理想,针对这个问题提出了改进方法:1)每次每个测试杯连测3个藻温;2)改为3个测试组;3)将单指标法改为三指标法;4)增加测试结果的重现性分析。通过蒸馏水毒性测试实验和重金属毒性测试实验,分析改进方法的效果。结果显示,不同指标方法中,三指标法控制假结果出现率为20%,控制效果最好;在测试4元重金属共存(总浓度0.066~0.156 mg·L~(-1))的毒性时,测试3个藻温的所有指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)均为100%/100%,测试1个藻温的三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)为67%/100%,表明测试高浓度的重金属毒性时,不同指标法都有很好的评价效果;在测试一元重金属(0.001~0.1 mg·L~(-1))毒性时,只有三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)是100%/100%,远高于其他指标法,表明只有三指标法才可准确测试低浓度重金属的毒性。在测试5种不同重金属共存的毒性时,三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)平均为86.8%/100%。研究表明,改进后的技术用于化学品急性毒性测试,灵敏度高和稳定性好,结果可靠。