燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定废水中TOC

通过选择一定的仪器使用条件及样品预处理方法,利用燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法对生活污水、工业废水中TOC进行测定,方法的检出限为0.5mg/L,RSD为4.4%,加标回收率在91.0%～102%。本方法操作简单、快速,成本较低,灵敏度完全能满足废水中TOC项目的监测要求。     

红外分光光度法测定烟道气中油烟的探讨

结合水体石油类监测分析方法在实际应用中的经验，对饮服业油烟进行监测，并提出几点看法。     

Development of a novel myconanomining approach for the recovery of agriculturally important elements from jarosite waste

In this study, an ecofriendly and economically viable waste management approach have been attempted towards the biosynthesis of agriculturally important nanoparticles from jarosite waste. Aspergillus terreus strain J4 isolated from jarosite(waste from Debari Zinc Smelter,Udaipur, India), showed good leaching efficiency along with nanoparticles(NPs) formation under ambient conditions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) confirmed the formation of NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX analysis) showed strong signals for zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium,with these materials being leached out. TEM analysis and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) showed semi-quasi spherical particles having average size of 10‐50 nm. Thus, a novel biomethodology was developed using fungal cell-free extract for bioleaching and subsequently nanoconversion of the waste materials into nanostructured form. These biosynthesized nanoparticles were tested for their efficacy on seed emergence activity of wheat(Triticum aestivum) seeds and showed enhanced growth at concentration of 20 ppm. These nanomaterials are expected to enhance plant growth properties and being targeted as additives in soil fertility and crop productivity enhancement.     

Selection of poly(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid utilising bacteria by enrichment,optimisation and compatibility testing for consortia development

Bacterial strains with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation potential were isolated from waste yard soil samples of selected industrial sites in Uttarakhand, India, and two microbial consortia were developed, i.e. Consortium I comprises Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb10, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb11 and Bacillus sp. strain Rb18, and Consortium II is composed of Lysinibacillus sp. strain Rb1, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb13 and Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb19. The current study involved enrichment selection via liquid and semi-solid media, followed by isolation and screening of bacterial strains using PHB pellets and films. Furthermore, the identification and characterisation was done by triphasic approach. The utilisation of PHB by the characterised strains was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of solubilised PHB was found to be 2.5?mg/mL, which was detected through ‘clear zone assay’. Further, the selection and biocompatibility testing of potential isolates were performed for the formation of bacterial consortia. Thus, the present work would provide direct and standardised protocol for screening and selection of potential microbiomes for biodegradation of polymers by overcoming the negative effect of organic solvents. Moreover, indigenously developed consortia would be evaluated for their in situ biodegradation potential against various bioplastic films.     

化学品急性毒性藻红外测试技术的方法改进研究

在以往藻红外测试技术的急性毒性测试中,每次每个测试杯测试1个藻温,共2个测试组,并用藻最大响应温差1个指标进行毒性评价,测试结果的可行性和稳定性不理想,针对这个问题提出了改进方法:1)每次每个测试杯连测3个藻温;2)改为3个测试组;3)将单指标法改为三指标法;4)增加测试结果的重现性分析。通过蒸馏水毒性测试实验和重金属毒性测试实验,分析改进方法的效果。结果显示,不同指标方法中,三指标法控制假结果出现率为20%,控制效果最好;在测试4元重金属共存(总浓度0.066~0.156 mg·L~(-1))的毒性时,测试3个藻温的所有指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)均为100%/100%,测试1个藻温的三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)为67%/100%,表明测试高浓度的重金属毒性时,不同指标法都有很好的评价效果;在测试一元重金属(0.001~0.1 mg·L~(-1))毒性时,只有三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)是100%/100%,远高于其他指标法,表明只有三指标法才可准确测试低浓度重金属的毒性。在测试5种不同重金属共存的毒性时,三指标法的平均重现率(%)/重现性(%)平均为86.8%/100%。研究表明,改进后的技术用于化学品急性毒性测试,灵敏度高和稳定性好,结果可靠。     

Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for phenol degradation in water

Phenol removal by n/m Fe in the presence of H₂O₂ was highly effective. Increasing the amounts of n/m Fe and H₂O₂?increased the phenol removal rate. Phenol removal was decreased with an increase in the concentration of phenol. The natural pH (6.9) of the solution was highly effective for phenol removal. The pseudo-first-order kinetics was best fitted for the degradation of phenol. The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue (ASR) (<0.25 mm) and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe (n/m Fe) was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the dosages of n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H₂O₂ on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H₂O₂; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant (k) was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H₂O₂ increased. Conversely, the value of k was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H₂O₂ and n/m Fe.     

浅析被动式FTIR走航监测技术在废气监测中的应用

与传统的监测技术相比,走航监测技术具有监测范围大、响应快速、机动性强的特点,在工业园区及企业废气排放的监测监控、溯源定位方面应用较为广泛。被动式傅里叶红外(FTIR)走航监测技术可以动态、立体、实时地扫描周围一定空域气体中的污染物质。采用被动式FTIR走航监测车,对不同的工业园区企业进行监测,结果表明,被动式FTIR走航监测可对实时发现的超标或异常有毒有害、易燃易爆、异味因子排放装置进行及时的定位和溯源,为环保部门和企业对污染物进行进一步精细化管控提供了有力的科学依据。     

快速测定饮用水中的石油类

使用F2000型红外光度测油仪，测定水质中的石油类，方法是采用一次定量萃取代替两次萃取定容，用直接流出比色代替无水硫酸钠过滤吸水后的比色，而不采用盐析的方法来快速测定饮用水中的石油类。方法的精密度和准确度均达到国家标准要求，减轻了工作强度，节省了时间和药品，适应快速测定的要求。     

环境微界面过程的原位和在线研究方法

环境微界面过程是污染物在各环境要素中迁移转化的基本过程,也是研究污染控制方法的基础.发展原位和在线研究方法,对于揭示污染物在环境微界面的迁移转化规律和进行污染控制过程的研究具有重要意义.本文基于环境微界面过程的基本特征,在针对多相环境催化的原位研究方法基础上,分析了用于环境微界面过程的原位和在线研究方法所面临的挑战和相应对策,主要介绍了红外光谱、拉曼光谱和质谱等技术在气固环境微界面过程原位研究中的应用,提出了发展环境微界面过程原位和在线研究方法体系的构想.     

贫燃条件Ag-Rh/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3协同催化C_3H_6选择性还原NO的原位红外研究

将Ag-Rh浸渍到共沉淀法合成的Ce-Zr-Al上,制备出Ag(0.04)-Rh(x)/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2-75%Al2O3系列催化剂,采用BET比表面积、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)对催化剂进行表征,并探讨催化剂在贫燃条件下选择性还原NO的活性和反应机理.结果表明,Ag-Rh双组分催化剂的活性较单组分Ag、Rh催化剂的高.Rh负载量为0.7%(质量分数)时,NO转化率达最佳(90.3%),且反应的起燃温度低、活性温度范围宽(300～500℃).DRIFTS结果显示,Rh的添加不仅有利于催化剂表面NO的吸附,而且能促进Ag催化生成关键反应中间体—CO—NH—,进而显著提高NO的转化率.