鲤体内芳香烃受体的分离纯化及其与葸的相互作用

从暴露于污染物蒽的鲤肝脏中提取出芳香烃受体,并采用紫外可见分光光度计进行最大吸收波长扫描,再通过离子交换层析法分离纯化鲤体内的芳香烃受体,并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对受体进行鉴定,最后通过傅里叶变换红外光谱探讨芳香烃受体与蒽结合后的结构变化.结果表明,提取的芳香烃受体在280 nm处有特征吸收峰,测得质量浓度为27.3 mg/mL.通过离子交换层析法纯化了单一组分的受体蛋白质,其相对分子质量约为110 kD.测定了芳香烃受体的红外光谱,与蒽结合后其在一定波段的谱峰发生了明显位移,表明污染物配体蒽能与芳香烃受体结合,并对其蛋白二级结构产生明显影响.     

Rapid estimation of compost enzymatic activity by spectral analysis method combined with machine learning

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using visible near-infrared (VisNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) as an easy, inexpensive, and rapid method to predict compost enzymatic activity, which traditionally measured by fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA-HR) assay. Compost samples representative of five different compost facilities were scanned by DRS, and the raw reflectance spectra were preprocessed using seven spectral transformations for predicting compost FDA-HR with six multivariate algorithms. Although principal component analysis for all spectral pretreatments satisfactorily identified the clusters by compost types, it could not separate different FDA contents. Furthermore, the artificial neural network multilayer perceptron (residual prediction deviation = 3.2, validation r² = 0.91 and RMSE = 13.38 μg g^?1 h^?1) outperformed other multivariate models to capture the highly non-linear relationships between compost enzymatic activity and VisNIR reflectance spectra after Savitzky–Golay first derivative pretreatment. This work demonstrates the efficiency of VisNIR DRS for predicting compost enzymatic as well as microbial activity.     

The National Vegetation Classification Standard applied to the remote sensing classification of two semiarid environments

The National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS) was implemented at two US National Park Service (NPS) sites in Texas, the Padre Island National Seashore (PINS) and the Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LMNRA), to provide information for NPS oil and gas management plans. Because NVCS landcover classifications did not exist for these two areas prior to this study, we created landcover classes, through intensive ground and aerial reconnaissance, that characterized the general landscape features and at the same time complied with NVCS guidelines. The created landcover classes were useful for the resource management and were conducive to classification with optical remote sensing systems, such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). In the LMNRA, topographic elevation data were added to the TM data to reduce confusion between cliff, high plains, and forest classes. Classification accuracies (kappa statistics) of 89.9% (0.89) and 88.2% (0.87) in PINS and LMNRA, respectively, verified that the two NPS landholdings were adequately mapped with TM data. Improved sensor systems with higher spectral and spatial resolutions will ultimately refine the broad classes defined in this classification; however, the landcover classifications created in this study have already provided valuable information for the management of both NPS lands. Habitat information provided by the classifications has aided in the placement of inventory and monitoring plots, has assisted oil and gas operators by providing information on sensitive habitats, and has allowed park managers to better use resources when fighting wildland fires and in protecting visitors and the infrastructure of NPS lands.     

非分散红外光度法测定钦食业油烟的排放浓度

将采集油烟的滤筒,移入比色管内已定容的CCl4溶剂中,将比色管置于超声器上清洗20min,用非分散红外光度法可直接测定清洗液中油烟的含量.实际样品测定结果表明,该方法简便易行,准确性较好.     

ASSESSING SATELLITE‐BASED AND AIRCRAFT‐BASED THERMAL INFRARED REMOTE SENSING FOR MONITORING PACIFIC NORTHWEST RIVER TEMPERATURE1

One central issue affecting the health of native fish species in the Pacific Northwest is water temperature. In situ observation methods monitor point temperatures, while thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing captures spatial variations. Satellite‐based TIR sensors have the ability to view large regions in an instant. Four Pacific Northwest river reaches were selected to test the ability of both satellite‐based and moderate resolution aircraft‐based TIR remote sensing products to measure river temperatures. Images with resolutions of 5, 15, and 90 meters were compared with instream temperature observations to assess how along stream radiant temperatures are affected by resolution, reach width, and sensor platform. Where the stream reach can be resolved by the sensor, all sensors obtain water temperatures within ±2°C of instream observations. Along stream temperature variations of up to ±5°C were also observed. Trends were similar between two sets of TIR images taken several hours apart, indicating that the sensors are observing actual temperature patterns from the river surface. If sensor resolution is sufficient to obtain fully resolved water pixels in the river reach, accurate temperatures and spatial patterns can be observed. The current generation of satellite‐based TIR sensors is, however, only able to resolve about 6 percent of all Washington reaches listed as thermally impaired.     

两性水处理剂CGAC在1mol/LHCl中的缓蚀性能研究

研究了天然高分子改性两性水处理剂CGAC在1mol／LHCl中对A3钢的缓蚀性能，讨论了药剂投加量、温度和药剂在酸中存放时间对缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明药剂CGAC具有较好的缓蚀性能，在CGAC投加量为60mg／L时，缓蚀率达96．6％，且具有长效缓蚀性能。初步分析CGAC是吸附成膜型缓蚀剂，其吸附在金属表面后增大了腐蚀的表观活化能。     

基于FY3C地表温度重建的多云地区旱情监测评估

受热红外传感器无法探测云下地表信息的影响,热红外遥感数据失去了对多云地区旱情监测的能力。采用RSDAST（Remotely Sensed Daily Land Surface Temperature Reconstruction）模型实现了FY3C/VIRR（Visible and Infrared Radiometer）云像元LST值的重建,结合重建后LST和NDVI数据采用TVDI指数对2018年重庆市干旱进行监测分析,并通过对比土壤墒情数据与OTVDI（Original TVDI）和RTVDI（Reconstructed TVDI）间的相关性来评估RTVDI在多云条件下旱情监测的能力。评估结果表明：基于RSDAST模型扩大了多云地区遥感干旱监测的空间范围和时间连续性,提升了区域旱情监测的精度（长时间序列和空间分布上RTVDI与土壤墒情数据间的R值均高于OTVDI）,极大地提高热红外遥感数据在多云条件下的可用性和可靠性。     

非分散红外分光光度法测定饮食业油烟

提出了非分散红外分光光度法测定饮食业油烟的方法．采用红外光谱仪,于2930cm^-1波数处进行测量。对滤简的空白值作了明确规定,只有其含油量在0．5mg／L以下才能用于测定。该方法操作简便,相对标准偏差为0．4％．精密度好。加标回收率在97％～105％之间。     

Infrared thermography reveals effect of working posture on skin temperature in office workers

Introduction. Musculoskeletal symptoms related to using traditional computer workstations are common. Quantitative methods for measuring muscle stress and strain are needed to improve ergonomics of workstations. We hypothesize that infrared thermography (IRT) is suited for this purpose. Methods. This hypothesis was evaluated by estimating muscle activity in upright and traditional working postures with IRT and surface electromyography (sEMG). IRT and sEMG measurements were conducted in 14 female participants with both working postures. First, measurements with the traditional posture were performed. Later, participants had 1?month to adjust to the upright working posture before repeating the measurements. IRT images were acquired before and after a full working day, with sEMG recordings being conducted throughout the measurement days. Participants evaluated their neck pain severity using neck disability index (NDI) questionnaires before the first and after the second measurement day. Results. Spatial variation in upper back temperature was higher (p?=?0.008) when working in traditional posture and the upright working posture reduced (p?p?=?0.003) after working in the upright posture. Conclusion. IRT was found suitable for evaluating muscle activity and upright working posture to reduce the NDI and muscle activity in the upper back.     

NDIR法便携烟气SO2分析仪技术性能及现场应用比较

针对目前中国固定污染源烟气SO2低浓度排放的现状,结合环境监测工作的技术需求,选取目前在国内应用较多的3种非分散红外吸收法便携烟气SO2分析仪(1种进口仪器,2种国产仪器)进行技术性能指标和现场比对监测的测试研究。测试结果表明,国产NDIR法便携烟气SO2分析仪的基本性能指标已经逐步接近国外同类仪器设备的技术水平,在产品结构和扩展功能等方面更适应中国国情需求;但是在产品外观结构的合理性、使用的便捷舒适性以及产品性能质量的稳定性等方面还需要进一步完善。因此,为推动国产便携烟气SO2分析仪技术水平和能力的进一步提升,有关仪器设备的技术标准、应用技术规范等相关法规应尽快制定实施。