植物根瘤内痕量Frankia DNA的提取及鉴定

建立了一种简捷、快速植物根瘤内痕量Frankia DNA的提取方法,即采集自然态下根瘤,剥离瘤瓣,取瘤瓣尖经液氮研主民粉末,以20g/L CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）消化胞壁,然后以d=5-10μm的石英粉吸附DNA,再以无菌去离子蒸馏水释放DNA,所获DNA产率及纯度较酚／氯仿法好。经对辽宁沙棘、色赤杨根瘤的瘤内痕量Frankia DNA及体外培养的9种Frankia菌株DNA分纯,并用于酶切及PCR,获满意结果。图3参12     

毒性鉴别评价方法对城镇污水处理厂去除水中有毒物质的分析实例

以江苏省常州市城北污水算处理厂的进水、活性污泥处理系统的出水以及A^2O处理工艺的出水为研究对象,对进出水进行Daphnia magna急性毒性试验。结果表明,进水对Daphnia magna具有24h急性毒性,经过活性污泥处理工艺处理及A^2O处理工艺处理,两股出水均不显示24h急性毒性,采用毒性鉴别评价（Toxicity Identification Evaluation,TE）方法对进水进行监测和评价,发现曝气可去除进水的毒性,C18固相提取亦可去除进水毒性,进水中存在的主要毒物为易挥发的非极性有机化合物,进一步检测可知,进水中的关键毒物主要为邻丙基甲醛肟、1,1－甲基乙基－2－甲氧基苯酚、2－氮,氮二甲基苯甲醇等,此外,对2个处理系统出水进行GC／MS分析,可知出水中关键毒物基本被去除。     

Microbial degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) in compost

The microbial degradation of tensile test pieces made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] or copolymers with 10% [P(3HB-co-10%3HV)] and 20% [P(3HB-co-20%3HV)] 3-hydroxyvaleric acid was studied in small household compost heaps. Degradation was measured through loss of weight (surface erosion) and changes in molecular weight and mechanical strength. It was concluded, on the basis of weight loss and loss of mechanical properties, that P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV) plastics were degraded in compost by the action of microorganisms. No decrease inM _w could be detected during the degradation process. The P(3HB-co-20%3HV) copolymer was degraded much faster than the homopolymer and P(3HB-co-10%3HV). One hundred nine microbial strains capable of degrading the polymersin vitro were isolated from the samples used in the biodegradation studies, as well as from two other composts, and identified. They consisted of 61 Gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,Acidovorax facilis), 10 Gram-positive bacteria (mainlyBacillus megaterium), 35Streptomyces strains, and 3 molds.     

基于应变模态差的海洋平台构件的损伤识别研究

对于具有一定损伤的导管式海洋平台钢管梁来说,实验模态分析得到的位移模态和固有频率难以有效的反应结构损伤的实际状况,特别是对早期的轻微损伤。为了提高损伤识别的效率和效果,根据海洋平台钢管梁架的受力特点,由节点位移模态推到出节点应变模态。然后利用损伤前后的应变模态差作为损伤识别的指标。将这个指标用在海洋平台钢梁构件焊缝和跨中单元的损伤识别上。通过建立钢管梁焊缝损伤的ANSYS模型,进行数据模拟分析,该方法能够在低阶模态条件下,有效的识别早期的轻微损伤。     

高产黑色素菌株的分离及鉴定

对从土壤中分离出的321株菌株进行了筛选,得到1株高产胞外黑色素的菌株,比较了其在不同培养基上产黑色素的能力.初步确定该菌株为链霉菌属.该菌黑色素产量高,约为0.70g/L,在产黑色素的微生物中,链霉菌可以作为一类新的菌种资源.图2表1参15     

Ethanol washing of PAH-contaminated soil and Fenton oxidation of washing solution

As a means to remediate soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we investigated a combined process involving ethanol washing followed by a Fenton oxidation reaction. Artificial loamy soil was contaminated with various representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, or benzo(a)pyrene) at concentrations ten times higher than regulatory soil standards of The Netherlands or Canada, and then washed four times in ethanol, which reduced the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination to below the regulatory standard. Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, or indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed a removal efficiency of 73.3%–99.0%; by contrast, solutions containing naphthalene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, or benzo(b)fluoranthene showed a removal efficiency of 9.6%–27.6%. Since each of the nonremediated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, excluding benzo(b)fluoranthene, are easily biodegradable, these results indicate that the proposed treatment can be successfully applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil that does not contain high concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene. The main reaction products resulting from Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene or benz(a)anthracene were anthraquinon or benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione, respectively; while 1,8-naphthalic anhydride was produced by solutions of acenaphthylene and acenaphthene, and 9-fluorenone by a fluorene solution. Received: June 9, 1998 / Accepted: March 24, 1999     

油气田在役管道高后果区识别与完整性评价方法

根据油气管道建设与管理的相关标准与规范或导则,针对目前油气田在役管道,明确了其高后果区识别的划分及其在不同标准中的差异以及识别的原则和时间间隔,分别介绍了在管道的相关数据采集的基础上开展地质灾害和第三方破坏造成的管道风险评价方法,管道内外腐蚀的直接评价以及包括剩余强度、剩余寿命和材料在内的管道适用性评价方法,同时给出了这些评价工作所涉及到的相关内容项,对油田管道的完整性管理具有重要的指导作用和应用价值。     

水功能区划的问题识别及相应对策

总结和评价了现行水功能区划存在的3方面问题:尚未落实流域综合管理模式;以人类用水功能需求为区划基础,未考虑水生态系统的需水要求;管理目标体系不完整,忽视水资源、水环境与水生态之间的耦合关系与近中远期的动态调控.在此基础上,结合流域管理、综合水资源管理、水生态系统完整性评价、水生态服务功能和生态环境需水等理论或方法,提出补充现行水功能区划的3个协调对策:构建“源头控制”的流域综合管理模式;协调人类需求用水功能与水生态需求功能;形成“水资源-水环境-水生态”三位一体和近中远期动态调控相结合的综合管理目标体系.     

基于网络数据的乡村旅游热点识别及成因分析——以江苏省为例

基于旅游网站数据,提出一种乡村旅游热点识别方法,以江苏省为例,运用趋势面、核密度、热点分析等方法探寻乡村旅游冷热格局及演变特征,并借助地理探测器揭示其时空演化的影响因素。结果表明:(1)江苏省乡村旅游热度的时间演化规律明显,年际变化呈"S"型演变轨迹;季节变化呈"三峰四谷"特征。(2)江苏省乡村旅游热度的空间结构在2009—2017年间经历了"单核—双核—三核"的演化过程,但其空间异质性依然显著,整体表现为"南高北低,东高西低"的差异特征。(3)影响因素在不同时段的影响强度各异,交通条件、服务能力一直是主导因素,经济水平对乡村旅游发展早期的热度提升有显著影响,资源禀赋的显著性趋于下降,生态环境和政府导向的影响力逐渐增强。基于网络数据的乡村旅游热点识别为乡村旅游定量研究提供了新的研究视角,对乡村旅游资源开发与区域合作具有重要的指导意义。     

萘降解菌N19-3的分离、鉴定和萘双加氧酶基因的检测

从石油污染土壤中分离到一株高效降解萘的N19-3菌株. 经形态观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析等鉴定其为丛毛单胞菌属（Comamonas sp.）. 该菌株能在30 ℃,30h内将1 000mg/L的萘完全降解. 降解萘的适宜温度为20～30 ℃, 适宜pH为7.0～9.0. 0.1mmol/L的Ca2+和Fe3+对N19-3菌株降解萘有较强的促进作用, 0.1 mmol/L的Mn2+和Zn2+对N19-3菌株的生长和萘的降解也有一定的促进作用, 而0.1 mmol/L的 Cu2+则完全抑制了N19-3菌株的生长和萘的降解. 通过PCR方法在N19-3菌株中扩增出分别与C. testosteroni H菌株的萘双加氧酶铁硫蛋白大亚基基因（pahAc）与双加氧酶铁硫蛋白小亚基基因（pahAd）高度同源的核苷酸片断.