铜合金实验室试验与实海挂片结果的比较与分析

目的比较实验室试验结果与实海挂片结果对B10和H62两种铜合金腐蚀性能评价的异同之处。方法采用线性极化、电化学阻抗、显微形貌观察等,比较两种铜合金在实验室模拟海水中的的腐蚀速率、点蚀倾向,结合反应机理、腐蚀形貌、环境等外部因素,分析导致实验室与实海环境下出现差异的原因。结果除榆林海域外,实海挂片与实验室结果都表明,B10试样的平均腐蚀速率小于H62。B10和H62两种铜合金随温度升高腐蚀速率增大,在实验室和实海情况下表现出一致性,且平均腐蚀速率都随浸泡时间的延长而降低。结论在实海环境中,温度不是影响点蚀的主要因素,微生物等其他环境因素会对点蚀产生较大影响。     

Laboratory and Field Assessment of Arsenic Testing Field Kits in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India

High concentrations of arsenic in ground waters in West Bengal and Bangladeshhave become a major cause for concern in recent years. Given the enormity and the severity of the problemof arsenic poisoning, a task of evaluating the commercially available arsenic detection field kits for their capabilities was undertaken. In the light of the findings, generic specificationswere recommended which could form the basis forindigenous manufacture of these kits in the arsenic affected countries. This article presents the results of the laboratory and fieldevaluation conducted in Bangladesh and West Bengalof five arsenic testing field kits. The salient features of the kits, their merits and limitationshave been brought out. Based on the criteria of kitdesign, quality of chemicals used, colourcomparator charts, detection range, time required for analysis, cost etc., a comparative ranking ofthe kits has been made to facilitate the choice of the kit to meet specific requirements.     

关于中小城市生活垃圾的处理与回收利用的探讨

对城市生活垃圾的分类回收、处理进行了探讨，对完善城市基础设施建设，改善投资环境将起到重要作用。     

A pilot project to detect and forecast harmful algal blooms in the northern Gulf of Mexico

More timely access to data and information on the initiation, evolution and effects of harmful algal blooms can reduce adverse impacts on valued natural resources and human health. To achieve this in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a pilot project was initiated to develop a user-driven, end-to-end (measurements to applications) observing system. A key strategy of the project is to coordinate existing state, federal and academic programs at an unprecedented level of collaboration and partnership. Resource managers charged with protection of public health and aquatic resources require immediate notice of algal events and a forecast of when, where and what adverse effects will likely occur. Further, managers require integrated analyses and interpretations, rather than raw data, to make effective decisions. Consequently, a functional observing system must collect and transform diverse measurements into usable forecasts. Data needed to support development of forecasts will include such properties as sea surface temperature, winds, currents and waves; precipitation and freshwater flows with related discharges of sediment and nutrients; salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll concentrations (in vivo fluorescence); and remotely-sensed spatial images of sea surface chlorophyll concentrations. These data will be provided via a mixture of discrete and autonomous in situ sensing with near real-time data telemetry, and remote sensing from space (SeaWiFS), aircraft (hyperspectral imagery) or land (high-frequency radar). With calibration across these platforms, the project will ultimately provide a 4-dimensional visualization of harmful algae events in a time frame suitable to resource managers.     

噪声监测中存在问题的探讨

阐述了噪声监测中存在的问题，对监测点位的科学设置、测量时间和监测仪器的合理安排、如何正确地把握评估标准等作了探讨。     

A Metamodeling Approach for Integrated Assessment of Air Quality Policies

A method is proposed to build integrated models (also called Metamodels) aimed at quantifying the economic efficiency of air quality policies. This Metamodeling approach is based on the coupling of two complementary models, that operate at different scales in space and time, and which represent the economic and the physical and chemical processes, respectively. The joint consideration of the physico-chemical and techno-economic structure of the pollution control problems permits a comprehensive evaluation of air pollution abatement strategies. The motivating pollution control problems include urban-regional air quality management through efficient energy and traffic control policies. A pilot study, exploiting data collected in the Geneva canton (Switzerland), is used to demonstrate the potential of the approach.     

基于N，N─二甲基苯胺与NO_2~－─对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐的偶联反应示波极谱法测定NO_2~－

报道了利用Ｎ，Ｎ─二甲基苯胺为偶联试剂的Ｃｒｉｅｓｓ反应以示波极谱法测定ＮＯ_２~－的测试方法。在拟定的实验条件下，ＮＯ_２~－在４．０×１０~－３～４．８×１０~－１μｇ／ｍｌ范围内与极谱波波高呈良好的线性关系。环境水测定的相对标准偏差小于ｌ％，回收率在９７％～１０１％之间。     

煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康影响的评价参数

煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康影响的较为全面的评价体系一直未建立，环保部门也缺乏系统性评价参数对电厂等在煤煤过程中有害元素排向大气的释放量进行监测估算。本文在查阅大量资料（主要为外文）的基础上，认为评价煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康影响的参数应该包括以下方面的数据C、H、O、N、无机硫，有机硫，有害微量元素的含量，分布规律，赋存状态，迁移转化行为（在燃煤过程中），洁净能力，淋滤力，矿物质，有机化学特征，煤炭学特征，并对煤中有害元素的污染方法进行探讨，如果上述各参数的数据被全面提供，并据此数据作针对性的抑制措施，煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康危害影响必将降低到最小。     

BOD5测定方法的研究

通过对比实验，对BOD5的测定方法进行研究，探索用氧电极法测定BOD5的可能性和可行性，对其不足之处提出相应的解决措施，使之能更适用于科研、监测教学等方面的需要。     

上海市污水治理二期工程扩散器的改进设计

首先对污水海洋处置工程进行了简单介绍 ,根据国内外污水海洋处置工程的设计经验 ,论述了污水海洋处置工程扩散器设计的一般准则 ;结合上海市污水治理二期工程白龙港排放口水较浅的特点 ,为了提高污水近区稀释度 ,根据物理模型试验 ,对扩散器的设计进行了改进 ,可为国内较浅水域污水海洋处置工程扩散器的设计提供参考