Variation of reservoir fluid property during the high pressure air injection process

This research aimed at determining the variation of reservoir fluid property during the high-pressure air injection process. For this purpose, the forward multiple contact experiment was employed by pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to investigate the physical property variation of the crude oil and the complex oxidation reactions. The results show: under the relative low temperature and pressure condition, instead of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide dominates the products in the air phase. The gas/oil ratio and volume ratio increased due to the generated gas while the viscosity and density achieved a descending trend. The colloid and bitumen in the oil phase reduced by half but the amount of wax achieved a small increase. The low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis reactions caused the fluctuated change of the different compounds. The amount of light compounds decreased at the beginning and then increased while that of heavy compounds showed the opposite trend. But at last, due to the H/C ratio, the light compounds increased to more than their initial value.     

氨水还原剂在燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝中的应用

目前氨水作为脱硝还原剂用于燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝国内尚未普遍使用,尤其在大机组上的应用经验较少。通过对实际应用案例的分析,总结了运行经验,为氨水还原剂在大机组SCR的脱硝应用提供参考。     

满足国六排放的缸内直喷汽油车污染物排放特性试验研究

以满足国六排放的某缸内直喷轻型汽油车为研究对象,试验研究了该车国六Ⅰ型测试循环(WLTC循环)排放的CO、THC、NOx和固态颗粒数量,以及包含挥发性/半挥发性组分的颗粒物数量和粒径分布特性.结果表明:WLTC循环工况覆盖范围广、车速高、加速度大的特点导致污染物排放增加;车辆冷机起动、暖机过程、瞬态过渡工况和高速大负荷工况对车辆的污染物排放影响较大,研发合理的车辆起动、催化剂起燃和暖机热管理策略、提高发动机瞬态过渡工况响应性是控制排放的重点;包含挥发性/半挥发性组分的颗粒物数量排放呈单峰分布,在15 nm附近达到峰值.     

DEEP WELL DISPOSAL OF SECONDARY EFFLUENT IN DADE COUNTY,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Data were obtained from drilling and testing of a test injection well for deep underground injection of waste water effluent from the proposed 50-million-gallon-per-day (mgd) South District Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Authority, Dade County, Florida. The drilling operation progressed in stages, each stage coverting the strata to be sealed off by the 48-inch, 40-inch, 30-inch, and 20-inch casings, respectively. Total depth of the well is 3,200 feet. The top of the saline, cavernous, dolomitic Boulder Zone was found at 2,790 feet below the surface and is separated from the Floridan aquifer above by approximately 1,100 feet of confining limestone layers. These confining layers were determined, by packer testing, to be very effective. The transmissivity of the Boulder Zone was estimated to be 14 × 10⁶ gallons per day per foot (gpd/ft) from the data obtained from pump out tests. An 8,000-gallon-per-minute (gpm) injection test was conducted to confirm well performance under operating conditions. Based on all of the data obtained, it was concluded that underground injection into the Boulder Zone of secondary waste water effluent from the proposed treatment plant is feasible, both hydraulically and environmentally. A monitoring system was proposed to provide a record of the effects of injection on the subsurface environment.     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

新型BOD微生物传感流动注射检测仪的研制

研制采用微生物传感技术和流动分析技术来快速测定BOD的仪器。主要技术性能:测量周期为15min;误差率<5%;偏差<5%。通过对国家标准样品和不同水质污水的测试表明,其具有自动化程度高,测量周期短的优点;准确度、稳定性均达到国家标准;且具有良好的适应性。     

直接进水样气相色谱法及萃取法测定水中苯系物的比较研究

对二硫化碳萃取法和直接进水样气相色谱法测定水中的苯系物作了分析、比较和研究。对方法进行了线性、精密度等试验,表明了萃取法可以满足对地面水中苯系物的测定要求,直接进水样法则适用于工业废水中苯系物的监测。     

紫外消解流动注射分光光度法测定地表水中总氮的实验研究

应用荷兰Skalar公司的SAN”连续流动注射分析仪测定地表水中的总氮,建立测定地表水中总氮的流动注射分析法.结果显示该方法分析速度快,分析速率可达32个/小时,仪器测定浓度与峰高响应值相关性很高,相关系数为0.9996,线性范围0.0 mg/L ～5.00 mg/L,方法检出限为0.03 mg/L,精密度RSD小于4％,均满足国家实验质量标准要求.紫外消解流动注射分光光度法测定地表水总氮具有分析速度快、准确度高、干扰少,适合大批量的地表水分析.     

化学杀菌剂处理油田回注水的应用研究

目前油田进行的二次采油,需要向油井注入大量的回注水。回注水管道中含有大量硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)和铁细菌(FB)等,其生长、代谢和繁殖易引起金属管道腐蚀,影响了油田正常生产。本文选取大庆油田回注水,用化学杀菌剂进行处理。结果表明化学杀菌剂处理油田回注水的合适应用条件是:pH值为5.0～9.5;对聚驱水采用异噻唑啉酮,采用均匀式加药方式,投加量为120mg/L,每3天加药一次;对水驱采用1227-异噻唑啉酮,每15天冲击加药一次,投加量为80mg/L。在此条件下,对于聚驱水杀菌率硫酸盐还原菌为99.99%,腐生菌和铁细菌100%;对于水驱水杀菌率硫酸盐还原菌可达100%,腐生菌99.99%,铁细菌99.99%。     

系统电磁脉冲效应摸底试验初探

目的研究武器装备系统的电磁脉冲效应。方法采用系统理论计算和部件摸底试验相结合的方法,以某装备的信息处理模块为测试对象,开展电磁脉冲近场辐照和电流注入试验,通过改变场强、注入电流等试验条件,探讨电磁脉冲对该模块的电磁效应。结果得出了工作状态下该模块的电磁脉冲干扰效应试验数据,该模块在310 V/m的辐照场强或电缆耦合电流为4.3~6.4 A时会出现敏感状态,多次测试时百分之百敏感阈值略高。结论对部件开展近场辐照和电流注入的电磁脉冲摸底试验方法可行,为进一步研究系统装备电子部件的电子脉冲效应提供了借鉴。