水稻对土壤营养元素吸收系数及吸收限的研究

通过研究广东省江门市三个不同优质稻产地土壤中相同元素对水稻品质造成不同影响的特点,如都斛土壤中的N与水稻胶稠度呈正相关关系,而在牛江则呈较强负相关关系;都斛土壤中的Mo与水稻的不完善粒呈较强负相关关系,而在牛江则呈正相关关系。根据吸收系数与土壤营养元素关系,得出作物对营养元素的吸收限。当土壤能给作物提供足够的营养元素时,作物对土壤营养元素的吸收存在一个极限,土壤元素含量接近这个极限时,作物对元素的吸收达到饱和,对元素的吸收系数则低;当土壤营养元素供给能力不足时,作物对营养元素吸收能力较强,对元素吸收系数较高。通过对比各元素及指标与稻谷感官品质相关关系并评分,得出土壤营养元素含量越偏离水稻对营养元素的吸收限,则对水稻品质的影响越大的结论,由此解释了不同省份农业地质调查中农作物元素与土壤元素相关关系混乱甚至矛盾的问题,为水稻的施肥提供了科学合理的依据     

大气环境质量的物元分析评价法

为了探索物元分析评价法用大气象环境质量评价的可行性和合理性,应用物元分析方法构建大气环境质量的综合评价模型,并将该方法用于实例分析。结果表明,物元分析方法用于大气环境质量评价是可行的。      

水中无机阳离子混凝剂的电动检测特性研究

为了在本质特征上定量说明水中无机阳离子混凝剂浓度与胶体稳定性的关系,提出了一种新的研究混凝过程胶体电荷变化的本质参数－流动电流。研究了无机阳离子混凝剂的性质和家度与电动特性参数之间的一般规律及等电点特征,考察了以ＳＣ表征混凝剂对水中胶体颗粒物作用的特性与效能,从而提出了一种研究混凝和在线监测水中胶体电荷对于混凝剂投加量变化的有效方法。     

Implementation and evaluation of the Safety Element Method at four mining sites

The Safety Element Method (SEM) is a method for improvements of safety results and safety approaches in the Norwegian mining industry. The method is developed by users and researchers in co-operation. The main approach of the method is that a group of organisational members assesses the current and desired situation for their own organisation within defined areas. Based on this assessment they work out a strategy and action plan to reach the internal goals for desired achievement, i.e. the desired situation defined. This article presents the implementation of the method in four mining companies and evaluates the method for its construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, how the method functions and is accepted among the users. The results show that the opinions regarding the experiences with the method are, on the whole, positive. The method is regarded as a valuable approach towards safety improvements. Subjective assessments play a prominent role in SEM, but these assessments are supported by an extensive review of empirical data such as accident reports, interview results and a questionnaire. This means that the internal assessments correspond well to the safety results of the companies and also to the independent external reviews carried out by the researcher.     

中国东部花岗岩、玄武岩及石灰岩上土壤微量元素含量的纬向分异

在中国东部花岗岩、玄武岩和石灰岩地区布设91个采样点,采集土壤剖面和母岩样品,测试13种微量元素的含量,研究其纬向分异规律及影响因素。结果表时：（1）土壤微量元素含量顺序为：玄武岩土壤＞石灰岩土壤＞花岗岩土壤;（2）花岗岩和玄武岩上土壤微量元素含量与母岩接近,石灰岩上土壤微量元素含量远高于母岩;（3）花岗岩上土壤微量元素的含量由北向南呈降低趋势,而玄武岩和石灰岩上土壤微量元素含量由北向南均呈增高趋势,且与游离氧化铁含量的增高同步;（4）微量元素含量与氧化铁含量在玄武岩土壤中的相关性大于这两者在花岗岩土壤中的相关性。     

冲击载荷作用下某型气囊缓冲性能影响研究

目的 研究冲击载荷作用下排气孔面积及初始缓冲时刻对某型气囊缓冲性能的影响.方法 采用MIMICS软件,并结合LS-Prepost软件,建立髋骨-气囊-地面有限元模型,利用LS-DYNA软件对气囊的缓冲过程进行仿真计算,得到缓冲过程中该模型的动力学响应结果.通过分析髋骨模型受力及气囊状态的变化,探讨排气孔面积及初始接触时...     

Emission control for precursors causing acid rain (V): Improvement of acid soil with the bio-briquette combustion ash

The bio-briquette technique which mixes coal, biomass and sulfur fixation agent and bio-briquettes under 3-5 t/cm^2 line pressure has aroused people‘s attention in view of controlling the air pollution and the acid rain. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of bio-briquette and its ash were investigated. And the acid soil was improved by the bio-briquette combustion ash, which contained nutritive substances such as P, N, K and had the acid-neutralizing capacity(ANC). The pH, EC, effective nutrient elements(Ca, Mg, K, P and N), heavy metal elements(AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) and acid-neutralizing capacity change of ash-added soils within the range of 0-10%, were also studied. Specially, when 5% bio-briquette combustion ash was added to the tested soil, the content of the effective elements such as Ca, Mg and K rose by 100 times, ? times and twice, respectively. The total nitrogen also increased by about twice. The results showed the oxyanions such as that of AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn were not potentially dangerous, because they were about the same as the averages of them in Chinese soil. It is shown that the ANC became stronger, though the ANC hardly increases in the ash-added soil. On the basis of the evaluation indices, it is concluded that the best mixture ratio is to add 2.5%--8% of the bio-briquette combustion ash to the tested soil.     

Occurrence and volatility of several trace elements in pulverized coal boiler

The contents of eight trace elements(Mn, Cr, Pb, As, Se, Zn, Cd, Hg) in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash were measured in a 220 t/h pulverized coal boiler. Factors affecting distribution of trace elements were investigated, including fly ash diameter, furnace temperature, oxygen content and trace elements‘ characters. One coefficient of Meij was also improved to more directly show element enrichment in combustion products. These elements may be classified into three groups according to their distribution: Group 1. Hg, which is very volatile. Group 2: Pb, Zn, Cd, which are partially volatile. Group 3: Mn, which is hardly volatile. Se may be located between groups 1 and 2. Cr has properties of both group ! and 3. In addition, the smaller diameter of fly ash, the more relative enrichment of trace elements (except Mn). The fly ash showed different adsorption mechanisms of trace elements and the volatilization of trace elements rises with furnace temperature. Relative enrichments of trace elements(except Mn and Cr) in fly ash are larger than that in bottom ash. Low oxygen content can not always improve the volatilization of trace elements. Pb is easier to form chloride than Cd during coal combustion. Trace elements should be classified in accordance with factors.     

川南城市群冬季大气细颗粒物中金属元素特征及其来源解析

为探究川南城市群（自贡、泸州、内江和宜宾）冬季大气重污染过程中PM_2.5 中金属元素的浓度特征和来源,在2018年12月30日至2019年1月14日,使用膜采样方法对PM_2.5 中的金属元素进行测定,并运用富集因子法（EF）和正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）对金属元素来源进行解析.同时采用自贡市在2015年同期金属元素观测数据,探究自贡市在“大气十条”实施中期与实施结束后的金属元素污染与富集程度变化情况.结果表明:①不同城市细颗粒物中各金属元素浓度与占比差异不大,4个城市中浓度与占比较高的元素呈现相似性,Al、Sb和Fe元素占比位于前列.从自贡市不同观测期对比来看,除Tl外各元素浓度均有变化.②富集因子计算结果表明,城市群中Cr（自贡与宜宾）、Ni、Cu、As、Se、Ag、Cd、Sb、Tl和Pb元素的富集程度较高.自贡市不同观测期的元素富集程度对比显示,除Cu元素外,2018年冬季观测期各元素富集程度均有减小趋势.③PMF源解析结果表明,各城市中金属元素主要来源为扬尘源、燃煤源、工业源与交通源,同时各污染源之间存在混合贡献.各城市主要污染源贡献不同,自贡以交通扬尘源与混合源为主;泸州以工业源为主;内江市各污染源贡献占比相近;而宜宾市则以交通源为主导.     

石化企业应急救援能力评估研究

随着应急能力建设逐步引起我国各行各业的重视,越来越多的石化企业己经开始加大对应急能力建设工作的力度,以尽可能的减少生产事故所带来的损失。作为石化企业应急能力建设的重要组成部分,石化企业生产事故应急救援能力的评价研究具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。本文首先对石化企业生产及事故特点和石化企业应急能力进行了详细的剖析,初步构建了石化企业生产事故应急能力评价指标体系。进而根据物元可拓性理论,结合石化企业的实际情况,运用可拓评判方法建立石化企业应急救援能力综合评判的模型,给出了评价步骤,最终确定企业的生产事故应急能力等级,从而对企业持续改进应急能力建设提供一定的参考。研究结果表明,该方法可应用于多层次的工程风险评价问题,从而为石化工程项目风险管理提供了一种有效的分析方法。