Influence of haze pollution on water-soluble chemical species in PM2.5 and size-resolved particles at an urban site during fall

To investigate the influence of haze on the chemical composition and formation processes of ambient aerosol particles,PM_(2.5) and size-segregated aerosol particles were collected daily during fall at an urban site of Gwangju,Korea.During the study period,the total concentration of secondary ionic species(SIS) contributed an average of 43.9% to the PM_(2.5) ,whereas the contribution of SIS to the PM_(2.5) during the haze period was 62.3%.The NO_3 and SO~(2-)_4 concentrations in PM_(2.5) during the haze period were highly elevated,being 13.4 and 5.0 times higher than those during non-haze period,respectively.The PM,NO~-_3,SO~(2-)_4,oxalate,water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),and humic-like substances(HULIS) had tri-modal size distributions peaks at 0.32,1.0,and 5.2 μm during the non-haze and haze periods.However,during the non-haze period they exhibited dominant size distributions at the condensation mode peaking at 0.32 μm,while on October 21 when the heaviest haze event occurred,they had predominant droplet mode size distributions peaking at 1.00 μm.Moreover,strong correlations of WSOC and HULIS with SO~(2-)_4,oxalate,and K+at particle sizes of 1.8 μm indicate that secondary processes and emissions from biomass burning could be responsible for WSOC and HULIS formations.It was found that the factors affecting haze formation could be the local stable synoptic conditions,including the weak surface winds and high surface pressures,the long-range transportation of haze from eastern China and upwind regions of the Korean peninsula,as well as the locally emitted and produced aerosol particles.     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的智慧档案馆安全评估

为了评估智慧档案馆的安全状况,预防安全事故发生,通过分析智慧档案馆的安全因素,构建了由8个一级指标、38个二级指标构成的智慧档案馆安全评估指标体系,并将信息熵理论和物元可拓理论有机结合,构建了智慧档案馆安全熵权物元多级可拓评估理论模型。应用该指标体系和理论模型对某档案馆进行了实证研究,得出其安全等级为V级(安全),为该馆针对性地提出了加强安全工作的整改建议。评估结果与实际情况一致,验证了该评估指标体系和评估理论模型的正确性和可靠性。     

软土沉降位移作用下大口径管道轴向应力状态研究*

为准确掌握大口径管道的轴向应力应变状态,保障管道的安全运行,通过假定4类不同形式的软土沉降位移,研究不同沉降形式对管道轴向应力状态的影响。采用非线性有限元方法建立管道轴向应力应变参数化数值计算模型,开展影响因素分析。结果表明:针对软土沉降位移作用下1 422 mm X80大口径管道,沉降量相同时,突变型位移载荷作用下管道受到的轴向应力最大,最大轴向应力位于两侧非沉降区距管道中心约53 m处;软土沉降量达到工程实际中可能的最大值1 m时,大口径X80管道内轴向应力小于0.9倍管材屈服强度,管道环焊缝可以采用基于应力的工程适用性评估方法开展ECA(Engineering Critical Assessment)评价。     

轿车盘式制动器刹车时产生噪音数值模拟

利用有限元分析方法,针对某型轿车盘式制动器进行刹车产生噪声的数值仿真。通过改变一系列参数,例如摩擦系数,刹车前速度以及制动盘的几何形状等,考察其对刹车噪声的影响。然后通过模拟结果与实验结果比较,证实了文章所提出的仿真计算模型的有效性。最后提出了制动器设计的改进建议。     

离子色谱在气溶胶无机离子测定中的应用

综述了离子色谱技术在气溶胶可溶性无机离子测定中的应用。离子色谱技术的主要优点是检测时间短、耗费样品量少和分辨率高。它克服了化学分析法的缺点,已经成为一种优秀的样品分析检测技术,气溶胶可溶性无机离子测定中采用这一技术是很有价值的。介绍了离子色谱的原理,仪器的组成与操作,并以气溶胶中无机离子的测定流程为主线,分别概述了采样与样品处理的方法和注意事项,分离柱与淋洗液的选择和影响因素,抑制器与检测器的发展和最新动态。     

大亚湾和四十里湾附近海域表层沉积物中无机碳形态研究

采用连续浸取法对位于亚热带的大亚湾和温带的四十里湾附近海域的表层沉积物样品中无机碳的赋存形态进行了研究,将无机碳分为可交换态（NaCl相）、弱碱浸取态（NH.3H2O相）、强碱浸取态（NaOH相）、弱酸浸取态（NH2OH.HCl相）和残渣态,测定了相关地球化学参数粒度组成和总有机碳（TOC）.结果表明,NH2OH.HC...     

Local calibration of coliforms parameters of water quality problem at Igapó I Lake, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

This article presents results concerning the local calibration of the transport parameters (longitudinal and transversal diffusions and decay coefficient) for a two-dimensional problem of water quality at Igapó I Lake, located in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, using fecal coliforms as an indicator of water quality. The simulation of fecal coliforms concentrations all over the water body is conducted by means of a structured discretization of the geometry of Igapó I Lake, together with the finite difference and finite element methods. By using the velocity field, modeled by the Navier-Stokes and Poisson equations, the flow of fecal coliforms is described by means of a transport model, which considers advective and diffusive processes, as well as a process of fecal coliforms decay. In the checkpoint, the longitudinal and transversal diffusion coefficients and the coliforms decay coefficient that best fitted the value of the fecal coliforms concentration were D_x = D_y = 0.001 m²/h and k = 0.5 d⁻¹ = 0.02083 h⁻¹. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the numerical simulations conducted in function of the diffusion coefficients and of the coliforms decay parameter provided a better understanding of the local water quality at Igapó I Lake.     

堆积体边坡渐进性破坏的随机模型

为精确模拟堆积体边坡变形破坏过程,根据堆积体所固有的非连续性、非均质性、各向异性等特点,以及边坡变形破坏的渐进性特征,采用改进的有限单元法(FEM)对堆积体边坡进行模拟。考虑堆积体边坡从连续位移函数到不连续位移函数的突变。破裂发生前,用连续位移函数进行计算;破裂发生后,引入不连续位移函数。研究结果表明,破裂面上不同点的安全系数(FOS)是不同的,但都随着破坏过程而降低。同时,可以得出不同非均匀程度下安全系数的概率分布。     

火灾下梁柱端板连接节点的力学性能研究

通过火灾作用下门式刚架半刚性端板连接节点ANSYS计算模型的分析,得出了节点的转角温度关系及转角达到极限状态时的临界温度,为分析节点在火灾下的转动性能和节点的抗火能力提供一种经济、可行的方法,并发现在进行ANSYS模型抗火计算时,采用EC3高温下钢材特性较为合理。对基于计算的钢结构节点抗火设计方法研究具有理论意义和工程...     

建筑钢结构中钢构件的防火性能与抗火设计研究

首先有针对性地对当前国内外建筑钢结构中钢构件的防火性能与抗火设计研究背景做了较系统分析,接着,通过有限元程序,对当前应用非常广泛的半刚接门式刚架建筑在火灾高温下的受力性能进行了整体结构非线性分析。计算结果表明：随着温度的升高,钢构件节点的刚度不断下降,当节点的刚度下降到不能约束与其连接的梁柱构件时,结构将发生突然坍塌性...