高效离子色谱法检测F- 、CH3 COO- 、HCOO- 、Cl - 的方法研究

在对离子色谱分析的研究过程中,建立了以0.12mmol/L Na2CO3和0.15mmol/L Na2HCO3为淋洗液,12.5mmol/L H2SO4为微膜抑制器的再生液,用HPIC－AS3串联HPIC－AG3的色谱系统,一次进样50mL可在8min内检测出μg/L级的F^-、CH3COO^-、HCOO^-、Cl^-,方法简便、经济快捷。经实验,甲酸、乙酸的检出限分别为2.56μg/L和17.4μg/L,F^-、Cl^-为1.87μg/L和8.82μg/L;方法精密度的相对标准差在0．4％－2．0％范围,样品加标回收率在97．7％－103．5％之间,完全能够满足降水样品和大气样品中F^-、Cl^-和低碳有机酸（甲酸、乙酸）的分析要求。在同一系统中只需要增加淋洗液浓度,采用一级梯度洗淋亦可完成对同一样品中其他阴离子（NO3^-、SO4^2-、PO4^3-）的检测。     

共存碱金属离子在火焰发射分析中的干扰及消除

研究了采用火焰发射法测定K、Na、Ca、Mg,通过调节火焰状态和适量加入某些盐类来消除碱金属离子存在的干扰,使实测样品获得满意的结果。K、Na、Ca、Mg的方法检出限分别为0．005mg/L、0.01mg/L、0.10mg/L、0.01mg/L;样品回收率分别为93％、106％、84％、112％。     

重庆市主城区大气水溶性离子在线观测分析

2015年12月—2016年3月期间,利用在线气体与气溶胶成分监测仪(IGAC)在重庆市大气超级站开展连续观测分析,并捕捉到2次持续时间较长的空气重污染过程。对PM_(2.5)中9种水溶性离子及5种气态前体物的观测结果分析表明:NO_3~-、NH_4~+和SO_4~(2-)是重庆市主城区PM_(2.5)中主要的水溶性离子成分,其浓度均表现出明显的日变化特征,主要以(NH4)_2SO_4和NH_4NO_3的形式存在。NH_3和SO_2是最主要的气态污染物。2次重污染过程的水溶性离子组分有明显差异,细颗粒物累积型污染的NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-浓度高,二次转化十分明显;春节期间烟花爆竹集中燃放,Cl~-、K~+浓度高,主要属于一次排放;污染期间主要离子组分的同源性特征显著。     

改性泥炭对重金属离子的吸附

为了研究泥炭对重金属离子（Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋、Cr^6＋、Ni^2＋）吸附率的各种影响因素,依次进行了溶液pH、振荡时间、改性泥炭投加量、溶液初始浓度等条件试验。结果表明,改性后的泥炭在最适合的条件下,对这5种金属离子都有较强的去除效果,5种金属离子的最大吸附效率均在9096以上。     

离子色谱法同时测定大气PM2.5中水溶性有机酸和无机阴离子的研究

建立超声提取-离子色谱法55 min内同时测定大气PM_(2.5)中13种水溶性低分子有机酸和无机阴离子的方法,经不同样品膜空白值考察、预处理条件优化、样品保存实验研究等获得了最佳的实验条件。研究发现,无机阴离子线性回归系数均为0.999以上,有机酸均为0.993以上;样品膜中各离子的相对标准偏差为3.2%~9.8%,样品提取液中各离子的加标回收率为90.6%~108%;当采样体积为24 m~3时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.003~0.032μg/m~3。分别于2015年1、6月采集了PM_(2.5)实际样品,1月各离子浓度之和为31.9μg/m~3,范围为0.04~15.0μg/m~3;6月各离子浓度之和为22.3μg/m3,范围为0.01~12.7μg/m~3。两个采样期间,氯离子、硝酸根、硫酸根在13种化合物中占绝对优势,均占总量的95%以上;乙酸、甲酸、甲烷磺酸和乙二酸为其他低含量离子中的主要组分。     

Biodegradation of wastewater nitrogen compounds in fractures: laboratory tests and field observations

Throughout several coastal regions in the Mediterranean where rainfalls rarely exceed 650 mm per year municipal treated wastewater can be conveniently reused for soil irrigation. Where the coastal aquifer supplies large populations with freshwater in such area, an assessment of ground water quality around spreading sites is needed. In this study, the efficacy of natural filtration on nitrogen degradation in wastewater spreads on the soil covering the Salento (Southern Italy) fractured limestone was quantified by using laboratory tests and field measurements. In the laboratory, effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants was filtered through a package of fractures made by several slabs of limestone. An analysis of wastewater constituent concentrations over time allowed the decay rates and constants for nitrogen transformation during natural filtration to be estimated in both aerated and non-aerated (i.e., saturated) soil fractures. A simulation code, based on biodegradation decay constants defined in the laboratory experiments, was then used to quantify the total inorganic nitrogen removal from wastewater injected in an aquifer in the Salento region (Nardò). Here the water sampled in two monitoring wells at 320 m and 500 m from the wastewater injection site and downgradient with respect to groundwater flow was used to verify the laboratory nitrification and denitrification rates.     

用透射电镜研究聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的形态

由水玻璃、硫酸和硫酸铁制备聚硅酸硫酸铁（ＰＦＳＳ）混凝剂,用透射电镜观察ＰＦＳＳ的形态,研究了ＰＦＳＳ的形态随硅酸聚合时间,ＳｉＯ２／Ｆｅ摩尔比和熟化时间的变化。结果表明,硅酸聚合时间,ＳｉＯ２／Ｆｅ摩尔比及熟化时间对ＰＦＳＳ的形态有较大的影响。     

吡虫啉光降解产物中阴离子的毛细管电泳分析

本文建立了吡虫啉光降解产物中无机阴离子的毛细管电泳分析方法,背景电解质采用铬酸钠和十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,２５４ｎｍ紫外间接检测,在选定条件下,光降解产物中各种阴离子在３ｍｉｎ内达到完全分离;     

Calcium alginate accelerates elimination of environmental lead in preschool children

Environmental lead poses a serious threat for public health, particularly, for children. The use of substances with metal-binding properties, such as natural alginates, may be a potentially effective method for elimination of toxic metal ions from human body. In present study, effect of calcium alginate isolated from brown algae on distribution of the lead ions in preschool children was investigated. In the beginning of the study, lead concentration in urine, feces, and hair was determined. Then these children were administered a dietary supplement containing calcium alginate for four weeks. The results showed that all children participated in the study had a high baseline median lead level in urine (1.1 µg/L), feces (4.6 µg/g), and hair (5.0 µg/g). Administration of calcium alginate resulted in twofold increase of the urine lead level within two weeks from the start of the treatment. At the end of alginate administration, significant decrease of lead concentration in hair was registered. These results suggest that calcium alginate can potentially prevent accumulation of the lead ions in the body and may be used as an active agent for elimination of this toxic metal from human body.     

华南沿海地区夏初PM2.5水溶性离子特征及来源解析

2018年6月7日—7月10日,利用在线气体和气溶胶成分监测仪(IGAC)在珠海市沿海站对PM_2.5中水溶性离子浓度和气体开展连续观测分析.结果发现,夏初沿海地区水溶性离子处于较低水平,SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、Cl^-、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺浓度分别为4.78、1.87、1.16、0.92、0.37、0.27、0.11和0.11μg·m^-3,其中,代表海洋来源的Na⁺和Cl^-浓度与珠江口东海岸的深圳沿海地区相当. Na⁺和Cl^-呈明显的白天高、夜晚低的日变化特征,与海盐排放在海陆风环流下的输送有关.基于天气形势分析、气团来源分析和PMF来源解析方法研究了观测期间发生的两次污染过程,一次是受到强热带风暴外...