我区环境规划编制与实施现状调查分析

环境规划是国民经济和社会发展的有机组成部分,是环境决策在时间、空间上的具体安排,其目的是指导人们进行各项环境保护活动,以最小的投资获取最佳的环境效益,促进环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。环境规划担负着从整体上、战略上和统筹规划上来研究和解决环境问题的任务,对于可持续发展战略的顺利实施起着十分重要的作用。     

校园网建设的前期规划研究

本文对建设校园网的前期准备工作作了详细的阐述,对各阶段的工作详细作了规划,对于准备建设校园网的学校具有指导意义.     

MULTI-OBJECTIVE RESERVOIR OPERATION INCLUDING TURBIDITY CONTROL1

ABSTRACT: The operational problems of a reservoir are expressed by three coordinates: space, time stage, and objective. The operational procedure is formulated using dynamic programming as a multi-objective problem. After comparing the scalar and the vector optimization, the scalar optimization technique is applied to turbidity analysis in a reservoir.     

A NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME HOURLY RESERVOIR OPERATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The optimization of real-time operations for a single reservoir system is studied. The objective is to maximize the sum of hourly power generation over a period of one day subject to constraints of hourly power schedules, daily flow requirement for water supply and other purposes, and the limitations of the facilities. The problem has a nonlinear concave objective function with nonlinear concave and linear constraints. Nonlinear Duality Theorems and Lagrangian Procedures are applied to solve the problem where the minimization of the Lagrangian is carried out by a modified gradient projection technique along with an optimal stepsize determination routine. The dimension of the problem in terms of the number of variables and constraints is reduced by eliminating the 24 continuity equations with a special implicit routine. A numerical example is presented using data provided by the Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California.     

AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SLUDGE TECHNOLOGIES: A SURROGATE WORTH TRADEOFF APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: The surrogate worth tradeoff method is utilized for evaluation of alternative sewage sludge disposal systems for the Boston, Massachusetts, area. The two objectives incorporated into a decision-making framework are net economic benefit and level of environmental impact.     

降低脉冲布袋除尘器可编程控制器控制设备造价的探讨

论述通过对脉冲布袋除尘器清灰电磁阀进行分组来降低脉冲布袋除尘器由可编程控制器(PLC)构成控制系统的造价的一种方法.     

环境规划决策与方法刍议

介绍了环境规划与决策的基本概念、分类及环境规划决策在国内外的应用.在查阅国内外文献的基础上,提出环境规划决策采用的一般模式、分类以及决策的基本方法.指出在环境规划的具体实务和决策时,可考虑对选择模型的原理和方法的实际运用,并举例说明选择模型在环境规划决策最优方案选择中使用的思路与步骤:通过待选方案的坐标图确定有效率点,连结有效率点确定可能性界限,当有效率点的选择不仅限于一个时,可通过各有效率点的无差异图与可能性界限的切点筛选出最优方案.      

Accounting for enforcement costs in the spatial allocation of marine zones

Marine fish stocks are in many cases extracted above sustainable levels, but they may be protected through restricted‐use zoning systems. The effectiveness of these systems typically depends on support from coastal fishing communities. High management costs including those of enforcement may, however, deter fishers from supporting marine management. We incorporated enforcement costs into a spatial optimization model that identified how conservation targets can be met while maximizing fishers’ revenue. Our model identified the optimal allocation of the study area among different zones: no‐take, territorial user rights for fisheries (TURFs), or open access. The analysis demonstrated that enforcing no‐take and TURF zones incurs a cost, but results in higher species abundance by preventing poaching and overfishing. We analyzed how different enforcement scenarios affected fishers’ revenue. Fisher revenue was approximately 50% higher when territorial user rights were enforced than when they were not. The model preferentially allocated area to the enforced‐TURF zone over other zones, demonstrating that the financial benefits of enforcement (derived from higher species abundance) exceeded the costs. These findings were robust to increases in enforcement costs but sensitive to changes in species’ market price. We also found that revenue under the existing zoning regime in the study area was 13–30% lower than under an optimal solution. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for both the benefits and costs of enforcement in marine conservation, particularly when incurred by fishers. Justificación de los Costos de Aplicación en la Asignación Espacial de Zonas Marinas     

Learning and adaptation in the management of waterfowl harvests

A formal framework for the adaptive management of waterfowl harvests was adopted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1995. The process admits competing models of waterfowl population dynamics and harvest impacts, and relies on model averaging to compute optimal strategies for regulating harvest. Model weights, reflecting the relative ability of the alternative models to predict changes in population size, are used in the model averaging and are updated each year based on a comparison of model predictions and observations of population size. Since its inception the adaptive harvest program has focused principally on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), which constitute a large portion of the U.S. waterfowl harvest. Four competing models, derived from a combination of two survival and two reproductive hypotheses, were originally assigned equal weights. In the last year of available information (2007), model weights favored the weakly density-dependent reproductive hypothesis over the strongly density-dependent one, and the additive mortality hypothesis over the compensatory one. The change in model weights led to a more conservative harvesting policy than what was in effect in the early years of the program. Adaptive harvest management has been successful in many ways, but nonetheless has exposed the difficulties in defining management objectives, in predicting and regulating harvests, and in coping with the tradeoffs inherent in managing multiple waterfowl stocks exposed to a common harvest. The key challenge now facing managers is whether adaptive harvest management as an institution can be sufficiently adaptive, and whether the knowledge and experience gained from the process can be reflected in higher-level policy decisions.