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151.
Integrated Estimation of the Effect of Physical Factors on Human Functional State During Mental Work
German A. Suvorov Ralemma F. Afanasieva Nataliya S. Mikhailova Migran A. Babayan Alexander F. Bobrov 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):149-161
The purpose of this study was to develop a model for an integrated estimation of the functional state of the human organism (FSHO) and an integral estimation of physical factors (PF) for hygienic rating. Tests were performed twice with 3 men in 0.7-clo clothing during 4-hr mental work with 9 combinations of 4 PF: wideband noise (55–83 dB(A)), whole-body vibration (6 Hz, az = 0.2–1.8 ms?2), air temperature (18–30 °C), and illumination (1, 3, 5 lx). Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological reactions and temporary threshold of hearing (TTS2) shifts were studied. For the integral estimation of PF influence on FSHO the model F(y1, y2, ... ym) = f(x1, x2, ... xn) was used, relating both FSHO and PF sets. The most important physiological parameters in creating FSHO are defined and the contribution of individual parameters of FSHO and PF is found. 相似文献
152.
It is well known that arboreal ants, both territorially dominant species and plant ants (e.g., species associated with myrmecophytes or plants housing them in hollow structures), protect their host trees from defoliators. Nevertheless, the presence of an induced defense, suggested by the fact that the workers discovering a leaf wound recruit nestmates, is only known for plant ants. Based on the results from a field study, we show here (1) that colonies of Azteca chartifex, a territorially dominant, neotropical arboreal ant species, mostly selected Goupia glabra (Goupiaceae) trees in which to build their principal carton nests and (2) that plant signals induced workers to recruit nestmates, which patrol the leaves, likely providing the plant with a biotic defense. Furthermore, the number of recruited workers was clearly higher on G. glabra, their most frequently selected host tree species, than on other tree species. These results show that contrary to what was previously believed, induced responses are also found in territorially dominant arboreal ants and so are not limited to the specific associations between myrmecophytes and plant ants. 相似文献
153.
SMBR-IVCW系统处理高浓度综合污水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了提高污水处理的质量和效率,将高效的生物处理技术--膜.生物反应器(SMBR)与生态净化技术--复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)进行有效复合而成的SMBR-IVCW复合系统应用于高浓度综合污水的高效处理与回用中.通过对不同水力负荷组合条件下SMBR-IVCW系统对污染物净化效果的比较,得到了该复合系统的较好水力组合条件.结果表明,SMBR-IVCW具有良好的净化功效及稳定性,SMBR单元在有机物的去除、硝化作用中起到主要贡献,而IVCW单元在反硝化脱氮、深度除磷等方面进一步补充,两者的有机结合能充分发挥各自的优势,并得到了较优的水力负荷组合条件:SMBR为1000L·d-1,IVCW为375mm·d~;在该条件下.SMBR-IVCW系统总停留时问为19.22h.处理后出水中CODcr、TP、NH 4-N浓度分别为11.0、0.086、0.44mg·L-1,均可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准(GB 3838.2002).SMBR-IVCW系统在此类污水处理方面具有良好的潜力. 相似文献
154.
155.
Xin Dong Siyu Zeng Jining Chen Dongquan Zhao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):150-156
In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires
that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the
urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation,
and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban
drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment
plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed
and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented
to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because
of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental
impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan
is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical. 相似文献
156.
生态足迹在城市规划环境评价中的应用——以苏州市域城镇体系规划为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以苏州市域城镇体系规划为例,探讨运用生态足迹进行融合型规划环境影响评价的方法,为规划环评较早地介入规划编制过程进行了有益的探索:在规划编制初期,确定规划的生态底限,农业用地、非农建设用地和水域的面积不低于3 728、1 016和2 019 km2;在规划编制过程中,根据现状评价的结果提出耕地是苏州城市发展的限制因子,水资源是优势因子,并估算了规划实施前后苏州市的生态足迹和生态承载力的变化情况。结果表明:规划实施后,苏州市的人均生态赤字有加大的趋势,耕地的赤字是最主要的贡献者,草地和能源用地的生态盈亏无变化,林地的生态赤字将减少,建设用地和水域的生态盈余将增加。依据该结果提出了减缓生态赤字的措施以及调整规划的意见:优化城镇发展空间,提高中心城市的容积率,置换出一定面积的生态用地,降低耕地的生态赤字;发展大运量的轨道交通和水路运输,减少交通能耗和机动车尾气的排放,降低能源用地的生态赤字。 相似文献
157.
Abstract The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed—reduction of 83% of BOD load and 82% of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health covers not only physical, chemical and biological aspects of an ecosystem, but also ecosystem-service-function aspect. It is recommended to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal, instead of water quality objective management, for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour catchment. Steps to further improve the marine coastal ecosystem health of Tolo harbour are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
158.
以《同煤集团梵王寺煤矿矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案》为例,根据相关工程实践,对"矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案"编制过程中需要特别注意的几个问题及争议问题进行了探讨,以期对该类项目起到指导作用。 相似文献
159.
“十一五”期间辽河铁岭段及支流水质变化趋势 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王丽耀 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2011,21(4):70-73
用Daniel的Spearman秩相关系数法对辽河铁岭段及支流在"十一五"期间水质进行趋势检验,确定各监测断面超标污染物及综合污染指数上升或下降趋势的显著性,结合铁岭市"十一五"期间的污染治理措施,分析各项污染物产生变化的原因,提出了今后的工作方向,为进一步加强环境管理提供了依据。 相似文献
160.
识别区域氮磷流失综合风险分布状况并对氮磷流失进行综合调控是控制非点源污染的有效措施。但传统的研究往往局限于氮或磷流失风险的单独评估和调控,以密云水库沿湖集约化农区东庄小流域为例,应用氮指数、磷指数及氮磷综合指数法,对区域氮磷流失风险进行综合评价。结果表明:流域氮、磷流失风险总体上较小,80%以上的区域均处于氮、磷流失的无风险或低风险区,但氮、磷流失的空间分布存在较大差异。其中氮流失的高度风险区集中在山地中土壤侵蚀指数较大的果园;而磷流失的高风险区域主要分布在河流沿岸的农业用地。氮磷综合风险指数显示,93.1%的区域处于无风险和低风险区,中度以上风险区占总面积的6.9%,主要集中在流域中部有着较高的肥料施用、地势陡峭且处在河流沿岸的农业用地或山地中。单独考虑氮指数或磷指数都难以反映区域氮磷流失的综合风险状况,容易忽略磷指数高氮指数低、氮指数高和磷指数低以及氮、磷风险在中等的区域。因此,在氮、磷流失风险评估基础上,进行氮磷流失风险的综合评价,可为氮磷流失的综合调控提供指导。 相似文献