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111.
复合垂直流构建湿地净化酞酸酯的初步研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
为考察湿地对特殊污染物酞酸酯的净化作用,在温室中建造了专门用于酞酸酯研究的2套下行流-上行流湿地小试系统,1号系统邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已基)酯(DEHP)污染负荷分别为19.86mgL^-1和3.16mgL^-1,2号系统DBP和DEHP污染负荷分别为9.84mgL^-1和1.58mgL^-1,试验时间为45d。水力负荷为420Ld^-1。结果表明:构建湿地对人工配置污水中的酞酸酯有很好的净化效果。平均去除率达到99.95%以上,出水酞酸酯质量浓度为10^-9级,均低于国家排放标准(GB8978-1996). 相似文献
112.
华能玉环电厂4X1000MW燃煤机组生产用水全部采用经“膜法”海水淡化技术处理的淡化海水,该淡水海水具有较强的腐蚀性,对电厂脱硫系统产生一定影响,探讨了淡化海水对脱硫系统的腐蚀及应对措施。 相似文献
113.
Ryo?ShojiEmail author Takanori?Miyazaki Takashi?Niinou Mikio?Kato Hiroshi?Ishii 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(2):142-146
We have successfully prepared a bead-type adsorbent from two materials with different adsorption characteristics. Heavy metals were removed by greatly swollen egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads. The egg shell membrane accumulated and removed precious metal ions from a dilute aqueous solution with a high affinity in a short contact time. Experiments suggested that chitosan beads could take up gold ions with great capacity and selectivity by conjugation with egg shell membrane. Under certain conditions, the selective removal of gold and copper in a mixture of gold and copper ions by egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads was 100% and 2%, respectively. Egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads can be seen as a promising material to recover gold in wastewater from various industries, such as electroplating. 相似文献
114.
115.
A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts. 相似文献
116.
探索发展与减灾协调之路——从2006年达沃斯国际减灾会议看中国发展与减灾协调对策 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
介绍了于2006年8月28日至9月1日在瑞士达沃斯举行的国际减灾会议的主要内容。在阅读本次会议有关论文扩展摘要集内容。以及会议上散发的大量文件、研究报告的基础上,综述了当前国际减灾研究与实践工作中,学术界、政界与企业界等在探索协调发展与减灾进程中的主要进展和发展趋向。国际减灾界当前关注的主要领域为:建立灾害与风险科学,善待与重建生态系统,关注全球环境变化与灾害的密切关系,重视利用金融、保险和再保险手段转移风险,关注女性在灾害风险管理中的作用,关注恐怖主义对社会风险的强化作用,发展灾害风险管理的信息支撑平台,重视建设高风险地区综合减灾范式。在此基础上,针对中国可持续发展战略实施过程中存在的主要问题,提出中国协调发展与减灾对策为:建立国家协调发展与减轻灾害风险的管理体制与运行机制,加强控制综合灾害风险水平的生态系统等减灾基础设施建设,发挥女性在农村地区综合灾害风险管理中的作用,建立区域综合灾害风险管理与减灾范式和加强区域综合灾害风险防范关键技术的开发,促进灾害与风险学科体系的形成。 相似文献
117.
THERON MORGAN‐BROWN SUSAN K. JACOBSON KENNETH WALD BRIAN CHILD 《Conservation biology》2010,24(2):563-572
Abstract: Scientific understanding of the role of development in conservation has been hindered by the quality of evaluations of integrated conservation and development projects. We used a quasi‐experimental design to quantitatively assess a conservation and development project involving commercial butterfly farming in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. Using a survey of conservation attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and behavior, we compared 150 butterfly farmers with a control group of 170 fellow community members. Due to the nonrandom assignment of individuals to the two groups, we used propensity‐score matching and weighting in our analyses to control for observed bias. Eighty percent of the farmers believed butterfly farming would be impossible if local forests were cleared, and butterfly farmers reported significantly more participation in forest conservation behaviors and were more likely to believe that conservation behaviors were effective. The two groups did not differ in terms of their general conservation attitudes, attitudes toward conservation officials, or knowledge of conservation‐friendly building techniques. The relationship between butterfly farming and conservation behavior was mediated by dependency on butterfly farming income. Assuming unobserved bias played a limited role, our findings suggest that participation in butterfly farming increased participation in conservation behaviors among project participants because farmers perceive a link between earnings from butterfly farming and forest conservation. 相似文献
118.
Lihui ZHANG Guomin CAO Yulei FEI Hong DING Mei SHENG Yongdi LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):604-609
A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate- containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of N O 3 - - N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m-2·h-1 for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen. 相似文献
119.
Rongchang WANG Xinmin ZHAN Yalei ZHANG Jianfu ZHAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(1):48-56
Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifying population dynamics were investigated in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR) under oxygen limited condition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater. When the N H 4 + - N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37.2 ± 3.2 g N H 4 + - N · m - 2 · d - 1 , the nitrogen removal in the RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN·d-1 to 128.9±61.7 mgN·d-1. Shortcut nitrogen removal was achieved with nitrite accumulation of about 22.3 ± 5.3 m g N O 2 - - N · L - 1 . Confocal micrographs showed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms (MABs) at day 120, i.e., ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (AOB and NOB) were dominant in the region adjacent to the membrane, while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at the top of the biofilm. Real-time qPCR results showed that the abundance of amoA gene was two orders of magnitude higher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs. However, the nxrA gene was always detected during the operation time, which indicates the difficulty of complete washout of NOB in MABs. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers in biofilm communities, but it enhanced the denitrification performance of the RSMBR system. Applying a high ammonia loading together with oxygen limitation was found to be an effective way to start nitrite accumulation in MABs, but other approaches were needed to sustain or improve the extent of nitritation in nitrogen conversion in MABs. 相似文献
120.
为探讨咪唑类离子液体氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C8mim][Cl])对酵母细胞的增殖生长和细胞膜通透性的影响,以不同浓度的[C8mim][Cl]处理酵母细胞,研究离子液体对酵母细胞增殖和菌落形成的影响,通过测定酵母细胞外液蛋白质和核酸的含量,判断膜通透性的大小和[C8mim][Cl]对细胞膜性结构的损伤。结果显示,0.1 mmol·L-1的[C8mim][Cl]延长了酵母细胞到达对数生长期的时间,在6~9 h之间对酵母细胞的增殖存在明显的抑制作用。1 mmol·L-1的[C8mim][Cl]使酵母细胞增殖不能到达对数生长期,对酵母细胞的增殖一直具有较强的抑制作用。随着离子液体浓度的增加,小菌落的数量增多。当平板内[C8mim][Cl]浓度达到10 mmol·L-1时,完全抑制了菌落的形成。[C8mim][Cl]处理酵母细胞后,细胞外液中OD280、OD260的值显著升高。研究表明,细胞膜等膜性结构通透性的增加是离子液体[C8mim][Cl]抑制酵母细胞增殖生长的原因之一。 相似文献