Implementation of a software platform to support an eco-design methodology within a manufacturing firm

The paper aims to explore the implementation of an eco-design methodology and the related software platform (G.EN.ESI – Green ENgineering dESIgn) within technical departments of a manufacturing firm. The G.EN.ESI eco-design methodology is based on the life cycle thinking concept and the software platform is conceived as a set of inter-operable software tools able to efficiently exchange data among them and with the traditional design systems (i.e. CAD, PDM and PLM). A multinational company, designing and producing household appliances, adopted the proposed methodology and related software platform for redesigning two cooker hood models with the aim to improve their environmental performances. Design and engineering departments evaluated the methodology and platform impact on the product development process, as well as the platform inter-operability with traditional design tools. The results indicate that methodology and software platform satisfy the requirements of the enterprise in terms of: (i) degree of expertise and training requirement on this subject, (ii) low impact in a consolidated design process and, (ii) good level of inter-operability among heterogeneous tools. However, the testing results highlight the necessity of a further platform optimisations in terms of software integration (single workbench made by integrated software tools with the same graphical user interface).     

基于Pathfinder的特殊地铁站点人群紧急疏散模拟

为了保障地铁安全运营,提高突发事件发生后人员疏散的效率,基于实际地铁站的尺寸和载客量,利用Pathfinder软件对北京市某特殊地铁站进行建模;结合站点内不同时间段的人流特征,分析站点内可能存在的不利工况,并对各类工况进行仿真模拟。结果表明:地铁站点内疏散的瓶颈区域为站台和站厅连接处的楼梯口;早高峰时期列车满员时,候车人数超过200需要采取限流措施;晚高峰时期列车人数在1 056左右时,候车人数超过576需增加引导人员限制人员流动。研究成果可为特殊地铁站点的疏散通道设计和日常的人流安全管理提供理论依据。     

利用ARIMA(自回归移动平均)模型对跑道侵入事件的分析及预测

综合运用具有相当精度的时间序列分析方法,建立美国民航运输安全中的机场跑道侵入的AR IMA(自回归移动平均)模型,克服了样本空间总是有限带来的不足,揭示出民航跑道侵入的动态变化规律,并对未来美国民航跑道侵入事故发生次数进行较准确的预测,为我国民航部门科学地制定飞行计划、人员培训、提高安全管理水平,提供可靠的依据。     

基于多层PDCA模式的动态集成化应急管理体系研究

应急管理体系是当今世界各国应对事故的重要手段之一,它的完善程度与事故后果的严重程度密切相关,这使得对应急管理体系的研究具有非常重要的现实意义。提出并构建了基于多层PDCA模式的动态集成化应急管理体系,该体系集动态性与集成化于一体,从现实需要的角度出发,解决了应急管理体系的现存问题,更为突出的特点是依据多层PDCA循环模式的运行方式,站在长期有效的高度保证了体系的全面持续改进。显然,无论是从逻辑还是从内容看,该体系都充分显示出动态集成、高效实用的优势。因此,在循环改进的运行方式下,应急管理体系的绩效必定螺旋上升。     

清洁型一体化污水处理系统研究

针对城镇分散型污水处理的特点,开发了一种清洁型一体化污水处理系统.该系统由立体循环一体化氧化沟(IODVC)、污泥减量区和臭气处理区优化整合而成.中试试验结果表明:该系统可以使微生物有效处理污水,并实现污泥减量和臭味气体净化.经该系统处理的污水,出水COD、NH4 -N、SS的浓度维持在35 mg/L、1 mg/L和20 mg/L以下;同时,臭味气体得到有效去除,氨气和硫化氢等臭味气体可以达标排放;经过生物减量,排放的剩余污泥减少了46.4%;污泥的比阻有所降低.本系统占地少,运行操作简便,无二次污染,属于适合中小型污水处理的技术工艺.     

WEST仿真软件在污水处理中的应用研究

介绍了活性污泥系统仿真软件WEST的模型机理及其建模的过程,通过实例分析了WEST软件在无锡城北污水处理厂中模拟应用,结果表明,模拟值能较好地反映污水处理厂实际运行状况,并分析讨论了模拟过程中应注意的几点事项.     

构建湿地堵塞问题的研究

研究了复合垂直流构建湿地(IVCW)中与填料堵塞相关的填料粒径、渗透性能、有机质含量等因素的变化.经过颗粒分析得知填料粒径在2～5mm间,运用自制的砂样管对填料进行原位采样,渗透试验结果表明IVCW填料层的渗透系数随填料深度的增加而增加.IVCW填料各层中,渗透系数最小值存在于表层以下15～30cm处.IVCW系统运行52个月后,仅填料表面至15cm深处有少量有机质存在,15cm深度以下有机质含量极少,表明IVCW系统运行稳定,未出现堵塞现象.文中通过分析填料堵塞的影响因素提出相应的预防措施和对策.     

高级综合稳定塘处理养猪场废水

针对大型规模化养猪场污水污染负荷高 ,行业利润水平低的特点 ,采用高级综合稳定塘工艺对广州市某养猪场的废水进行处理。实际运行结果表明 ,在废水CODCr为 1 5 899mg L、BOD5为 1 0 84 0mg L、氨氮为 1 2 83mg L和SS为30 2 4mg L的条件下 ,出水CODCr为 71 5mg L、BOD5为 2 3mg L、氨氮为 6 6 5mg L ,SS为 34mg L ,达到畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准 (GB1 85 96 2 0 0 1 )的要求     

INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ON THE TRUCKEE RWER IN NEVADA1

ABSTRACT: The Truckee River is a vitally important water source for eastern California and western Nevada. It runs 100 miles from Lake Tahoe to Pyramid Lake in the Nevada desert and serves urban populations in greater Reno-Sparks and agricultural users in three Nevada counties. In the 1980s and 1990s, a number of state and local groups initiated projects which, taken collectively, have accomplished much to improve watershed management on the Truckee River. However, the task of writing a management plan for the entire watershed has not yet been undertaken. Key players in state, federal and local government agencies have instead chosen to focus specific improvement efforts on more manageable, achievable goals. The projects currently underway include a new agreement on reservoir operation, restoration of high priority sub-watersheds, public education and involvement, water conservation education, and water resource planning for the major urban population centers. The approach which has been adopted on the Truckee River continues to evolve as more and more people take an interest in the river's future. The many positive projects underway on the watershed are evaluated in terms of how well they meet the definition of the ambitious water resources strategy, “integrated watershed management.”     

民用清洁煤技术的定量评价与筛选

选用合适的民用清洁煤技术是提高居民生活用煤能源利用效率、减少环境污染的重要途径之一,本文利用笔者提出的清洁煤技术定量评价方法对民用清洁煤技术进行了定量评价与筛选,评价结果表明,在标准状态下各种民用适用清洁煤技术的单位综合成本分别为选煤48元/GJ,民用型煤45.73元/GJ,炼焦制气28.53元/GJ,加压气化联产甲醇54.73元/GJ,加压气化联产油蜡50.71元/GJ,两段炉气化88.66元/GJ,直立炉气化38.84元/GJ,其中炼焦制气是单位综合成本最小的民用清洁煤技术．敏感度分析表明,煤气化将是民用清洁煤技术的主要发展方向