生物脱氮技术中好氧反硝化细菌的代谢及应用研究进展

微生物脱氮是水体氮素去除最常用的有效方式,具有高效、经济和二次污染小等特点.好氧反硝化细菌的发现是微生物脱氮技术的重要里程碑,为新型生物脱氮领域的研发提供了新出路.当前,探究好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮特性及各环境因子（如碳源种类、C/N、温度、pH、DO、盐度、重金属含量等）在好氧条件下对反硝化过程的影响已成为污染水体氮素逸出的研究热点.通过总结好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮机制、筛选来源和种类、鉴定、脱氮特性与环境影响因素及其在实际含氮污染水体中的应用,结果表明,好氧反硝化细菌种类丰富、存在环境广泛,脱氮效率一般在50%以上;目前,好氧反硝化细菌脱氮机理的研究主要停留在氮的转化方面,对其中心碳的代谢研究以及碳氮比对反应机理的具体影响尚未明确,需要进一步探究;有关好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮特性研究尚处于实验室小试或中试阶段.建议进一步筛选高效菌群,进行碳氮代谢途径研究,优化好氧反硝化细菌固定化技术,并将其应用于实际工程中,减少水体中的氮素污染,对于实现高效、经济的脱氮具有重要社会价值.      

基于主成分回归的整合模型预测重金属混合物毒性

为解决CA和IA模型预测结果共线性的问题,基于主成分回归改进已有整合加和模型ICIM,建立新的混合物整合模型（PCR-IAM）,并预测加和、协同和拮抗相互作用的重金属混合物联合毒性.以混合物实验浓度为因变量,浓度加和与独立作用预测混合物效应浓度的主成分回归为自变量,建立了PCR-IAM模型.以4个二元混合物体系（Ni-Fe、Ni-Pb、Ni-Cd和Ni-Cr）共20条混合物射线的联合毒性（共240个样本点）验证PCR-IAM模型的预测能力.结果表明,所有二元混合物的PCR-IAM模型的决定系数（R²）和留一法（LOO）交叉验证相关系数（Q²）值均大于0.95,表明PCR-IAM模型能够准确预测20条加和效应、协同和拮抗作用混合物的联合毒性.因此,经验数学模型PCR-IAM模型可以准确预测加和效应、协同和拮抗作用混合物毒性,为构建更合理的整合模型及环境混合污染物的风险评估提供可靠的技术手段.     

有机磷阻燃剂甲状腺干扰效应及其作用机制研究——以磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)为例

以典型有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯（TCPP）为研究对象,应用GH3细胞增殖实验检测TCPP对甲状腺激素的干扰效应;应用重组甲状腺激素受体（TR）基因酵母实验和GH3（TRβ-）细胞增殖实验结合实时定量PCR技术初步探究TCPP甲状腺激素干扰作用机理.结果表明,TCPP在1×10^-4mol/L和2×10^-4mol/L浓度下对甲状腺激素T3诱导的GH3细胞增殖产生抑制效应;重组TR基因酵母实验和GH3（TRβ-）细胞增殖实验测试结果表明TCPP可能通过TR介导的基因组途径和非基因组途径诱导甲状腺激素干扰效应;实时定量PCR测试结果表明TCPP下调相关基因如：c-fos、TRβ、integrin-av和k-ras的mRNA表达,初步认为TCPP可能通过影响TRβ基因表达和激活α_vβ₃-ERK-1/2信号通路产生甲状腺激素干扰效应.     

EDDS强化Fe0-Al0体系降解废水中4-氯酚的性能和机理

采用乙二胺二琥珀酸（EDDS）强化Fe⁰-Al⁰体系还原水溶液中的O₂产生H₂O₂和·OH等活性氧（ROS）的绿色高级氧化工艺,以4-氯酚（4-CP）模拟废水为研究对象,考察了溶液的初始pH值、铁铝的质量比、EDDS投加量和4-CP的初始浓度等因素对4-CP降解的影响.采用电子自旋共振（ESR）法、苯甲酸捕捉法以及4-CP的降解产物等证实了ROS的产生及4-CP的降解机制.结果表明：EDDS强化Fe⁰-Al⁰/O₂体系对4-CP的去除率随溶液初始pH的升高而降低,但在pH=2.5～9范围内,始终具有较好的4-CP去除率;随Fe⁰：Al⁰质量比增加4-CP的去除率先增大后减小,最佳质量比为4：1;随EDDS投加量和4-CP初始浓度增加,4-CP的去除率增大;EDDS可使体系的高级氧化能力提高9倍,在初始pH=2.5、Fe⁰=8g/L、Al⁰=2g/L、EDDS=1.5mmol/L条件下,反应3h后100mg/L 4-CP的去除率和脱氯率均达到近100%..     

改性生物炭对水体中头孢噻肟的吸附机制

采用液相浸渍方法制备3种改性生物炭,采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积测定仪和元素分析仪等手段表征生物炭表面结构形貌和组成.以头孢噻肟为探针分子,考察改性生物炭对头孢噻肟的吸附性能及吸附影响因素,并探究其吸附机理.结果表明,30min时碱改性生物炭（BC-NaOH）对头孢噻肟的吸附率为83%,符合伪二级动力学方程（R²>0.99）,吸附率显著大于其他几种材料.热力学研究表明,BC-NaOH吸附头孢噻肟是自发放热过程.基于反应热力学及吸附率影响因素分析,得出BC-NaOH吸附头孢噻肟的机理是疏水亲和作用和静电引力.     

Thermal Effects of Photon-Phonon Interaction on a Simple Tissue

Summary The thermal effect due to electromagnetic absorption by human tissues is investigated at different frequencies ranging from 10¹–10¹⁶ Hz. Special emphasis is being considered in the microwave band used in wireless communications of the mobile industry. The present work examines basically the thermal effect that arises as the duration of exposure to the electromagnetic radiation and its dosage is increased. Using a computer simulation, a semi-classical model is adopted, were the photon-phonon interaction is mediated by a homogenous sample of identical elements, which are naturally in harmonic modes of vibration. The phonon lifetime is also included in this work. These thermal effects decrease with frequency in conformity with experimental results. This model is then extrapolated to the individual cells of a human tissue and the possible rise in temperature is estimated.     

单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用——时域边界元分析

应用时域边界元法 ,研究了单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH液 (剪切横波 )的动力相互作用 ,当入射SH波足够强时 ,界面会出现局部滑移并假设摩擦遵守库仓定理。笔者从实际情况出发 ,提出了新的数学模型和计算方法 ,计算了埋置矩形结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用问题 ,由于对此类问题的深入研究 ,为评估和预测埋置结构在动荷载下的安全性及疲劳寿命提供了重要的理论价值     

微生物絮凝剂及其在污水处理中的应用

综述了微生物絮凝的种类，性质，产生条件。讨论了影响微生物絮凝剂絮凝活性的主要因素和絮凝机理的多样性；列举了徽生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用；最后，展望了微生物絮凝剂的研究发展方向。     

土-结构相互作用体系振动台试验数值模拟

运用土—结构动力相互作用有限元三维分析软件SASSI2000，对一个土—结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验进行了模拟计算。首先对振动台模型试验作了简单的介绍，进而详细介绍了试验的建模方法。对试验的两种地基条件、3条地震波输入、3个加速度峰值水平及两个输入方向的各种组合工况进行了计算，并将试验结果与计算结果进行了比较。结果表明：计算模型较好地模拟了相互作用体系在地震荷载下的反应性状，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好；同时表明，土一结构相互作用效应对结构地震反应有很大的影响。     

EDWARDS AQUIFER EVALUATION: KINNEY COUNTY,TEXAS1

ABSTRACT: The Edwards Aquifer is one of the most studied and most prolific aquifers in the United States. The aquifer is a heavily fractured and faulted carbonate aquifer with transmissivities in excess of 100 ft²/s. The City of San Antonio relies upon the Edwards Aquifer as its sole source for water. Much work has been done on quantifying recharge to the aquifer and discharge from wells and acquiring aquifer characteristics from pumping tests, specific capacity tests, and geophysical logs. Although the aquifer has been well studied in Bexar County, much less is known about the Edwards Aquifer in Kinney County. This is partly due to the lower population within the county (approximately 3,500 people) relative to the eastern counties (Uvalde, Medina, Bexar, Comal, and Hays) and the great distance of Kinney County from high profile discharge areas such as the City of San Antonio and Comal and San Marcos Springs. Three key products resulted from this study: (1) exploratory well drilling and the largest aquifer test in the county that were conducted to evaluate the well yields within a 10,000 acre study area in which a drawdown of 2.5 ft approximately 1.2 miles away was observed while pumping at approximately 4,600 gpm; (2) a recharge estimate for the Edwards Aquifer within Kinney County of approximately 71,382 ac‐ft/yr; and (3) locating the Brackettville Groundwater Divide from an evaluation of ground water flow direction and hydrograph analysis. These results help evaluate the complex hydraulics occurring within Kinney County and aid in development of ground water modeling that will be used in managing the Edwards Aquifer.