火灾扑救模拟演练DIS系统框架的研究

论述了分布式交互仿真 (DistributedInteractiveSimulation ,简称DIS)技术在火灾扑救模拟演练中的应用 ,给出其系统框架 ;详细描述了该DIS系统中的白方系统、蓝方系统和红方系统的具体组成功能部分 ;提出了实现这些功能的软件平台。最后给出了研究DIS在火灾扑救演练应用中的结论 ;指出未来的发展方向 ,强调了实际应用中可能出现的技术难点     

儿童肺功能的多因子及交互影响分析

在儿童肺功能横断面数据基础上,运用多元线性回归,研究了影响儿童肺功能的多因子及其交互效应.结果表明,儿童肺功能指标主要受儿童基本体质情况、呼吸系统疾病和家庭室内暴露因子以及这些因子的交互影响.儿童肺功能与空气颗粒物(PM10-2.5和TSP)的负相关比较显著,未发现与SO₂和NO_x有显著相关性.作者还对空气颗粒物与年均取暖期燃煤取暖、母乳喂养、呼吸系统疾病等因子的交互效应进行了研究,发现细颗粒物对儿童肺功能的影响更为不利.     

喻家土扁滑坡形成的力学机理与险情分析

喻家滑坡发现于去年5月,体积近17×104m3,呈长条纺棰状,分成上.下滑块,本文从斜坡的变形历史、特征调查入手,较深入地研究了该滑坡滑移-拉裂-推动-牵引的耦合力学机理,该滑坡正处在蠕滑阶段,近期存在整体滑移和出现较大危害的险情,已引起有关部门的重视,并采取了有力的减灾防灾措施.     

旅游城市环境规划优化方法与应用研究(Ⅱ)昆明旅游圈环境规划优化

将IFMOPOMTCE该模型应用于昆明市旅游圈旅游环境规划优化的实例当中，取得了较为成功的效果，并采用情景分析和交互式调整的方法制定出两种方案。通过比较分析确定出适合昆明旅游业持续发展的最优发展方案，为决策者提供了科学的决策依据，从而证明了该模型的实用性和可操作性。     

Relations between Conspecific Density and Effects of Ultraviolet‐B Radiation on Tadpole Size in the Striped Marsh Frog

Global increases in ultraviolet‐B radiation (UVBR) associated with stratospheric ozone depletion are potentially contributing to the decline of numerous amphibian species around the world. Exposure to UVBR alone reduces survival and induces a range of sublethal effects in embryonic and larval amphibians. When additional environmental stressors are present, UVBR can have compounding negative effects. Thus, examination of the effects of UVBR in the absence of other stressors may substantially underestimate its potential to affect amphibians in natural habitats. We examined the independent and interactive effects of increased UVBR and high conspecific density would have embryonic and larval striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii). We exposed individuals to a factorial combination of low and high UVBR levels and low, medium, and high densities of striped marsh frog tadpoles. The response variables were time to hatching, hatching success, posthatch survival, burst‐swimming performance of tadpoles (maximum instantaneous swim speed following an escape response), and size and morphology of tadpoles. Consistent with results of previous studies, we found that exposure to UVBR alone increased the time to hatching of embryos and reduced the burst‐swimming performance and size of tadpoles. Similarly, increasing conspecific density increased the time to hatching of embryos and reduced the size of tadpoles, but had no effect on burst‐swimming performance. The negative effect of UVBR on tadpole size was not apparent at high densities of tadpoles. This result suggests that tadpoles living at higher densities may invest relatively less energy in growth and thus have more energy to repair UVBR‐induced damage. Lower densities of conspecifics increased the negative effects of UVBR on developing amphibians. Thus, low‐density populations, which may include declining populations, may be particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of increased UVBR and thus may be driven toward extinction faster than might be expected on the basis of results from single‐factor studies. Relaciones entre la Densidad Conespecífica y los Efectos de la Radiación Ultravioleta‐B sobre el Tamaño de Renacuajos de Limnodynastes peronei     

INTERACTIVE COMPUTER-AIDED HYDRAULIC DESIGN: CULVERTS1

ABSTRACT: Regular use of interactive computer programs in hydraulic design can materially increase the productivity of designers without sacrificing accuracy. This article considers the hydraulic design of culverts by interactive use of a computer program; this approach most profitably combines the speed and accuracy of the computer with the experience of the designer.     

Some requirements of an interactive software tool for life cycle analysis

This paper briefly presents the current practice for carrying out life cycle inventories, and mentions some advantages and drawbacks of a few dedicated software tools that are commercially available. A list is presented of some features that we think should be present in an ‘ideal’ life cycle analysis (LCA) software tool, after the specifications made at Ecobilan for the development of a specific tool for LCA. Some consideration is given to the technical difficulties involved, and the benefits that could be expected from the implementation of such features.     

变截面门式刚架结构极限承载力分析

采用变截面薄腹构件是门式刚架结构轻型化的主要措施之一。如何利用变截面薄腹构件的腹板屈曲后强度并同时保证构件乃至结构的安全度始终是门式刚架结构工程设计的重要内容。根据有效宽度法的基本思想,提出了相关屈曲系数概念,在变截面H钢构件双重非线性数值分析基础上获得的局部屈曲荷载拟合公式,应用于变宽度楔形腹板的有效宽度简化计算公式当中。应用改进后的有效宽度法,进行了变截面门式刚架结构考虑构件局部屈曲影响的极限承载力分析,探讨了腹板平均宽厚比、腹板楔率对结构极限承载力的影响,提出了对变截面门式刚架结构优化设计的工程建议,并具有工程指导意义。     

基于可解释机器学习的青藏高原草地物候变化多因素影响分析

气候变化背景下,青藏高原植被物候发生显著改变.然而,影响物候的水热因素众多,目前较少有研究关注多因素对青藏高原物候的影响效应,导致对青藏高原物候变化机制认识不足.为此,研究通过遥感数据解译,在对2002~2021年青藏高原草地物候时空变化特征分析的基础上,聚焦降水、气温、海拔和土壤等多方面,利用可解释机器学习方法（SHAP）揭示物候变化的主导因素,并量化分析多因素对物候的交互影响.结果表明:①青藏高原分别有56.32 %、67.65 %和65.50 %的草地表现出生长季开始时间（SOS）提前、生长季结束时间（EOS）延迟和生长季长度（LOS）延长趋势;②青藏高原草地SOS和LOS主要受水分条件影响,3月0~10 cm土壤水分对SOS提前和LOS延长起促进作用的范围分别在10~25 kg·m^-2和15~25 kg·m^-2之间,峰值分别在20 kg·m^-2和18 kg·m^-2左右;EOS则主要受温度影响,9月和10月温度越高对EOS延迟促进作用越强,并分别在高于8 ℃和-0.5 ℃时达到峰值;③水热等因素对物候的影响存在非线性交互效应,3月0~10 cm土壤水分达到20 kg·m^-2后,更有利于低降水和低海拔地区SOS提前;10月温度高于0 ℃后较好的水分条件更有利于EOS延迟;3月0~10 cm土壤水分在12~22 kg·m^-2之间时,高降水地区LOS更长.研究表明,可解释机器学习方法可为物候变化的多因素影响定量分析提供一种新的方法.     

Assessing agricultural vulnerability to climate change in the Nordic countries – an interactive geovisualization approach

Nordic agriculture must adapt to climate change to reduce vulnerability and exploit potential opportunities. Integrated assessments can identify and quantify vulnerability in order to recognize these adaptation needs. This study presents a geographic visualization approach to support the interactive assessment of agricultural vulnerability to climate change. We have identified requirements for increased transparency and reflexivity in vulnerability assessments, arguing that these can be met by geographic visualization. A conceptual framework to support the integration of geographic visualization for vulnerability assessments has been designed and applied for the development of AgroExplore, an interactive tool for assessing agricultural vulnerability to climate change in Sweden. To open up the black box of composite vulnerability indices, AgroExplore enables the user to select, weight, and classify relevant indicators into sub-indices of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. This enables the exploration of underlying indicators and factors determining vulnerability in Nordic agriculture.