臭氧在循环冷却水中缓蚀作用的研究

循环冷却水处理是工业生产中的一个重要环节。臭氧作为单一的水质稳定剂在循环冷却水中具有缓蚀作用。研究结果表明：吸附在金属表面的臭氧使金属表面从活化腐蚀状态转变为钝化状态,使金属腐蚀电位由活化电位区跃变到钝化电位区,阻止金属的溶解;同时氧的传质速率加快,也可以降低由于浓差极化所产生的腐蚀作用;对于未经预膜处理的金属,臭氧改变金属表面状态,形成一层氧化钝化膜,从而起到了缓蚀作用。     

无烟煤脱硫特性试验研究

以石灰石为脱硫剂,对晋城高硫无烟煤的脱硫特性进行了试验研究．定性分析不同温度和钙硫摩尔比条件下,高硫无烟煤中硫的析出特性;给出不同条件下的脱硫率和钙利用率,确定了晋城无烟煤的最佳脱硫温度和钙硫摩尔比;并同长广高硫烟煤的析出特性和脱硫率进行了比较,发现晋城高硫无烟煤析出的硫份主要是低温段析出的,高温段析出的硫份基本上被脱硫剂脱除;在相同条件下,无烟煤的硫份先于长广烟煤析出,脱硫效果相对较差．     

内循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的实验研究

通过对流化床烟气脱硫吸收塔塔顶和塔底结构的改进,开发出一种新的内循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺。该工艺以60～80目细砂作为主要床料,在流化气速为2～5m/s情况下,实现了绝大部分固体颗粒在脱硫塔内的内循环,从而强化了热质传递,避免了粘壁现象。考察了各种因素对脱硫效率的影响,结果表明,绝热饱和温度差是影响脱硫效率的显著因素,颗粒浓度是保证系统稳定运行的关键因素。在Ca/S为12和颗粒浓度为10kg/m3条件下,系统能连续稳定运行,脱硫效率达90%以上。     

流化床生活垃圾焚烧炉污染物排放监控管理

依据生活垃圾循环流化床燃烧热电厂竣工环保验收及例行环保监测数据,提出了影响生活垃圾焚烧过程特征污染物排放的主要因素是炉温和燃烧过程的喷钙与脱氯,建议增加炉温在线监测为生活垃圾焚烧污染物排放的管理措施,在例行监测项目中增加粉煤灰钙含量监测,保证生活垃圾的完全燃烧、较高脱氯效率,降低二噁英的产生与排放。     

电厂循环冷却水中异养菌的检测与分析

通过对城市中水回用于火电厂循环冷却系统的微生物进行试验检测与分析,发现循环水进行前期处理后水中大肠菌群、铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌含量分别为5个/ml、110个/ml和0.7个/ml以下,均在安全限度之内。对循环水中的异养菌检测分析发现其值在105～106个/mL范围内波动,形成火电厂循环水系统的主要危害,提出影响火电厂循环冷却系统的主要影响菌类为异养菌的结论,对循环冷却水系统微生物的控制具有一定指导意义。     

浆液循环泵运行电流影响因素分析研究

着重分析了吸收塔浆液液位、浆液密度两个运行参数对循环泵运行电流的影响。结果认为：浆液液位对泵电流影响较小,实际运行中可不予考虑;浆液密度对泵运行电流影响较大,需要加强优化控制。     

系统工程法在废水回用于循环水系统中的应用

阐述了将系统工程法应用于废水回用于循环水系统的必要性.总结了采用系统工程法解决废水回用于循环水系统所存在的问题时应做到的强化废水预处理、改善废水水质和提高废水回用率、完善清污分流以及污污分治的设施和管理、改善废水末端处理效果、完善循环水水质处理方案等要素.实际运行效果表明,采用系统工程法后,废水回用平稳运行期循环水系统...     

硫酸庆大霉素废水处理的研究

抗生素工业废水具有成分复杂、污染物浓度高、色度大、生物毒性等特点,比较难于治理。硫酸庆大霉素是常用的抗生素之一,其废水除具备上述特点外,还存在pH值波动范围大、水质、水量不均、SO42-浓度高等问题。本研究采用交换母液絮凝过滤-水解酸化-IC-SBR-MBR工艺处理含有硫酸庆大霉素的废水,在进水COD浓度6 000 mg/L～10 000 mg/L、SS浓度2 000 mg/L～3 000 mg/L的条件下,通过优化交换母液絮凝过滤药剂用量、水解酸化池废水停留时间、IC池的容积负荷、SBR池、MBR的污泥负荷等处理工艺,使出水水质能够达到COD 60 mg/L、BOD5 10 mg/L、NH3-N 10 mg/L。     

On the amount of counterpart assistance to be provided after natural disasters: from the perspective of indirect economic loss assessment

China’s counterpart assistance policy is of vital importance in providing guidance for emergency management and post-disaster reconstruction. However, the amount of assistance that partner provinces should provide as well as the criteria that partners should abide by in offering counterpart assistance remain a main challenge. The goal of this research is to fill this gap by proposing a new framework consisting of an interregional input–output (IRIO) model and a resilience index. Subsequently, the indirect economic loss is obtained by utilizing the index system of provincial economic resilience assessments, with measures of indirect economic loss developed from the IRIO. Furthermore, to examine the internal validity and systematic error, the reliability of the adopted models, the calculation methods, and the index systems are investigated. To assess the external validity of the proposed measures and resilience index of the framework, data from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake are applied for estimating parameter values of the framework, and a follow-up investigation was conducted for examining the fairness and enhanced effectiveness of the new counterpart assistance criteria. In summary, this paper attempts to present some new ideas about the analysis of economic motivations of mutual aid and the improvement of the counterpart assistance policy.     

Review of efficiencies of cogeneration units using internal combustion engines

The most frequently used technology in cogeneration units up to 10 MWe are internal combustion engines and the majority of the models are up to 500 kWe. There are dozens of reciprocating internal combustion engine–based cogeneration unit manufacturers and more than hundred suppliers in the market. In the article, data from supplier technical specifications of 583 units (34 manufacturers) is collected and analyzed. The authors proposed mathematical relations that show dependence of efficiencies on electric power that can be used for initial feasibility studies. Authors also have showed that value of 0.75 for power-to-heat ratio (proposed by EU Directive 2004/8/EC) does not always correspond to current market situation.